46 
BULLETIN 1388, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
and recuperate from close pasturing. It also provides a more palat- 
able pasture for stock. 
Abundant and frequent watering is necessary to get the most out 
of irrigated pastures. 
BENEFITS OF INTELLIGENT PLANNING 
Summing up the advantages to be expected from a study and an 
understanding of the labor and material requirements of differ- 
ent crops, the cultural practices that result in good yields, and the 
seasonal range for different operations, it can be said that: 
1. The efficiency of labor and equipment is increased, enabling the 
farmer to do a larger business with the available resources on his 
farm. 
2. Some hired labor can be avoided, thereby increasing the farm 
earnings. 
Fig. 19.— This excellent pasture of blue grass, white clover, and timothy was seeded at the rate 
of 3 pounds each in barley stubble, August 15, after the stubble had been raked and burned, 
the land disked, harrowed, and ditched. The pasture was irrigated twice in the fall after 
seeding 
3. Crop rotations are encouraged, which in turn help to increase 
yields. 
4. Crop practices best suited to conditions on individual farms are 
better understood. 
5. The farmer is in a better position to calculate in advance his 
labor and material requirements for different crop operations, which 
helps him to fit together his crop and livestock enterprises to the 
best advantage. 
SELECTION AND PRODUCTION OF LIVESTOCK 
On farms where the climate, soil, and markets are such that the 
more intensive crops like apples, small fruits, and truck yield high 
returns, it may be good business to keep only enough livestock to 
consume the wastes from the table and crops. But on a majority 
