FAEM MANAGEMENT OX IRRIGATED FARMS 61 
PRINCIPLES APPLICABLE TO THIS FARM 
Quality and quantity of livestock and livestock production was 
this farmer's principaf means of overcoming many of the crop dis- 
advantages due to poor soil. By aiming at quality in both livestock 
and crop production the operator was able to dispose of the pigs from 
his seven sows at high prices as breeders, the milk from his Jersey 
cows at special prices while other farmers sold butterfat, and the 
wheat for seed at twice the value of market grain. Along with quality 
this farmer provided for a large volume of production, which is 
necessary to obtain satisfactory earnings from major enterprises. 
Adjusting crop enterprises to the various soil conditions was well 
carried out on this farm. This farmer understood the productive 
capacity of the soil in all parts of his farm and the crops best adapted 
to the different conditions. Two acres of alkali land which had 
been used only for permanent pasture was seeded to sweet clover. 
This not only provided for an abundance of excellent pasture, but 
the sweet clover roots helped to open and drain the soil and make it 
possible to grow other crops. It is the intention of this farmer even- 
tually to reclaim all of his alkali land with sweet clover and live- 
stock. Rutabagas do comparatively well on alkali land, and 4 acres 
of the poorer crop land was devoted to this crop. 
Comfortable quarters for livestock are an aid to economical pro- 
duction. Although expensive buildings are neither necessary nor 
economical in profitable livestock production, this farmer would be 
justified in providing more comfortable quarters for his cows and 
hogs. Comfortable and attractive quarters are especially important 
to a farmer with valuable purebred stock. Good housing contrib- 
utes to the health and contentment of the animals and enables 
them to attain the high records of performance upon which depende 
so much of the value and earnings of purebred stock. Attractivs 
quarters help to advertise the superior quality of high-grade livestock. 
The fact that the operator has no mortgage against his real estate 
makes it appear especially safe and desirable to invest in these per- 
manent improvements at this time. 
FARM NO. 7, AN 80-ACRE CROP AND LIVESTOCK FARM 
Description of the farmer and his resources. — Lower crop yields 
are making it necessary for the operator of this large-sized farm to 
turn his attention to methods which will increase the fertility of his 
land and at the same time provide the best possible income for the 
family. The land is spotted, some 9 or 10 acres being rather unpro- 
ductive because of continuous cropping and the original poor quality 
of the soil. Thirty-six acres, or 48 per cent of the cropped land, was 
used for alfalfa hay; 16 acres were planted to wheat and 13 acres to 
potatoes in 1 922 . At the begininng of the year the farmer had 6 cows, 
3 heifers, and 100 hens. The operator owns 40 acres and share-rents 
40 acres. The operator's real estate is mortgaged for 43 per cent of 
the estimated present value of the land and buildings. Two sons, 
10 and 12 years old, and a daughter, 15, are beginning to add con- 
siderably to the available farm-labor supply. Buildings are not 
sufficient to house the dairy and poultry enterprises comfortably. 
Results from the present organization. — The livestock enterprises, 
even though small, helped to offset the losses caused by poor potato 
