FARM PRACTICE IN PRODUCTION OF HAY. 
Table I. — Per cent of farm land in hay and amount of hay produced. 
(From 13th Census Report, 1910.) 
Item 
Steuben 
County, 
N. Y. 
Wash- 
ington 
Countv, 
Pa/ 
Item. 
Steuben 
County, 
N. Y. 
Wash- 
ington 
Coimty, 
Pa. 
818,373 
599, 303 
73.2 
22.5 
10.3 
11.7 
503, 923 
432,001 
85.6 
17.3 
12.7 
4.3 
Per cent of improved land in 
tame and cultivated hay . . . 
Timothy alone 
30.8 
14.1 
1G.1 
184, 767 
84.362 
Improved land in farms 
20.2 
14.8 
Per cent of farm land im- 
Timothy and clover, 
mixed 
5.0 
Per cent of farm land in tame 
and cultivated hay 
Production (in tons): 
Tame and cultivated hay. 
Timothy alone 
87, 292 
Timothy alone 
64, 014 
Timothy and clover, 
Timothy and clover, 
21, 404 
Table II. — Size of farm and per cent of land in hay. 
Item. 
52 farms in 
Steuben 
County, 
N. Y. 
37 farms in 
Washington 
County, 
Pa. 
Average size of farm (acres) 
202. 00 
157. 40 
77.9 
27.2 
35.2 
171. 00 
Tillable area (acres) 
156. 00 
Per cent of farm land tillable 
90.8 
Land in hay (acres): 
Per cent of total farm land . . 
24.1 
Per cent of tillable land 
• 
26.5 
AMOUNT OF HAY SOLD. 
Four-fifths of the farms studied in the New York area and two- 
thirds of those studied in the Pennsylvania area sell more or less hay. 
As shown in Table III, almost half of the hay grown on the New 
York farms that sold hay is marketed, while only about one-third is 
sold by the Pennsylvania farms that grew for the market. 
Table III. — Amount of hay grown for market. 
Item. 
Washington 
County, 
Pa. 
Number of farms studied 
Number of farms that sell hay 
Per cent of hay sold by farms selling hay 
LABOR RATE. 
On these farms labor is usually at a premium during harvest time. 
In both regions the season in which first-class hay can be made is 
limited to about 10 working days. On nearly all of the farms in 
each section the farm owner works in the hay field, and in this study 
the owners' labor has been given the same value as that of hired help. 
The man-labor rate has been fixed at 20 cents an hour, which is what 
the farmer has to pay during the hay-making season. By assuming 
a single rate for all man labor and not allowing a higher rate for the 
