SUGAR-CANE SIRUP MANUFACTURE iby 
TasLe 6.—Theoretical yield of sirup per ton of cane as influenced by apparent 
solids content of juice 
Yield of sirup per ton of cane 
Apparent solids 
content of juice 60 per 70 per 80 per 
cent ex- | cent ex- | cent ex- 
traction | traction | traction 
° Brix |° Baumé} Gallons | Gallons | Gallons 
7 BEY) .6 20. 55 23. 98 27, 41 
14.0 7.9 21.32 24. 86 28. 42 
14.5 8.2 22. 08 25. 76 29, 44 
ms 15.0 8.5 22. 84 26. 65 30. 45 
wf 15.5 8.8 23. 60 27, 54 31.47 
16.0 9. 0 24. 36 28. 42 32. 49 
16.5 9.3 25. 13 29. 31 33. 50 
17.0 9.6 25. 88 30. 20 34. 50 
| 
said to have a ‘‘density” of 7.9° to.9.0° Baumé. The degrees of the 
Baumé scale® do not correspond even approximately to the per- 
centage of solids. 
Assuming an average extraction of 60 per cent of juice from the 
cane and an average Brix reading for this juice of 15° (1.06133 
specific gravity), if this juice is evaporated without the loss of any 
of the dissolved solids to a sirup of 70° Brix (1.35088 specific gravity), 
100 pounds of cane should yield 60 pounds of juice, and the 60 
pounds of juice should yield +4 x 60 pounds, or 12.86 pounds, of 
sirup. A gallon of sirup at 70° Brix (1.85088 specific gravity) 
‘weighs 11.25 pounds; hence the 12.86 pounds of sirup is 
equivalent to 1.14 gallons, which represents the theoretical yield 
in gallons of sirup from 100 pounds of cane. Theoretically, therefore, 
a ton of cane yields 22.8 gallons of sirup. The actual yield of sirup 
per ton of cane, with 60 per cent extraction and with juice testing 
15° Brix, however, is only 19 to 20 gallons. In practice not all the 
dissolved solids in the juice are retained in the sirup, and some 
juice is unavoidably lost by skimming, decanting, or filtering. This 
loss is especially great in small farm outfits, in which clarification 
is accomplished by skimming alone. The yield of sirup therefore is 
12 to 18 per cent below the calculated theoretical yield. 
With smaller mills driven by horsepower or by gasoline or kerosene 
/ engines the extraction is frequently as low as 50 per cent instead of 
'60 per cent, as assumed for the larger 3-roller mills. Moreover, 
early in the harvesting season, when the cane may be less mature, 
the juice may test less than 15° Brix, sometimes even less than 14° 
| Brix. In such cases the yield of sirup will be proportionately re- 
duced. 
With a good 38-roller mill and crusher, the extraction may be 
65 to 70 per cent; and, with the still more powerful 6 and 9 roller 
mills, is may reach 75 to 80 per cent, with a proportionate increase 
in the sirup yield. If the extraction is much above 65 per cent, 
however, objectionable nonsugar substances are expressed from the 
6 Several different Baumé scales are in common use by sirup manufacturers and buyers. Moreover, 
some Baumé spindles are graduated by the manufacturers at one temperature and others at another tem- 
perature. Much confusion therefore exists in the industry, for the manufacturer does not ordinarily know 
‘which scale the buyer may be using, nor does he know what the most approved scale may be. For the 
purpose of avoiding misunderstandings and disputes as to sirup density, and for the reason that the Brix 
Seale indicates the approximate percentage of solids, it is strongly recommended that the Brix scale be 
universally adopted in the sirup industry. Owing to the present popularity of the Baume scale, however, 
an immediate and definite understanding between instrument makers and sirup Manufacturers and buyers 
would seem advisable. 
56750°—257——2 
