>. 
JACK PINE. 25 
In general, where Norway pine logs average from $12 to $14 per 
1,000 board feet delivered at the mill, jack pine will average about 
$8.1 In the winter of 1917, in Minnesota, jack pine logs sold as high 
as $12 and Norway pine at $17. The difference in price paid for 
jack and Norway pine in the log may be due partly to the fact that 
jack pine logs are smaller than the Norway pine, running sometimes 
40 or 50 logs to the thousand. Many of the trees from the older 
jack pine stands in Minnesota cut out better lumber than it is usually 
supposed can be cut from this tree. In some cases at least 50 per 
cent of the season’s run of jack pine goes into No. 2 and No. 3 Boards 
and No. 1 and No. 2 dimension stock. As such it brings the same 
price as Norway pine, and is, in fact, often graded as lower grades of 
Norway and white pine. | 
Young stands of jack pine, too small for saw logs, are utilized for 
small slack cooperage, box boards, and cratmg. ‘The cooperage 
material is used for pails, kegs, barrel headings, and a small amount 
for silos. In Michigan jack pine is used to a limited extent for shingles. 
Lath plants use the trees in the form of short bolts down to 3 or 4 
inches in diameter at the top end. Young stands often yield large 
returns both on account of the great number of trees per acre and 
of this close utilization of small trees. 
The number of board feet, mill scale, as given in Table 10, indicates 
the possibility of close utilization of jack pine in producing round- 
edge lumber for box and crating material. This method of utiliza- 
tion is feasible where portable mills are employed in dense, even- 
aged stands, and in this way a high yield of low-grade material is 
obtained at a small cost. 
PULP. 
Jack pine is suitable for chemical pulps made by using alkaline 
cooking liquors, either sulphate or soda. In this process it takes 
2 cords of wood to produce a ton of sulphate pulp. 
Jack pine is used for sulphate or kraft pulp in Michigan, Wisconsin, 
Quebec, and Ontario. In Quebec, in 1914, 16,746 cords of jack pine, 
at an average cost of $6.20 delivered, were used by three sulphate 
mills, while in Ontario in the same year 7,969 cords at $4 were used 
by one mill. There are three sulphate plants in Wisconsin and one 
in Michigan, and the outlook is good for additional plants of this 
kind in Canada and the Lake States. These plants should open up 
extensive markets for young second-growth jack pine trees too small 
1 The following statement from a January, 1920, report of the supervisor ofthe Minnesota National Forest 
indicates how greatly prices and costs have changed since the above was written: 
‘A sale of standing jack pine timber on that Forest, made in 1919, brought $6.30 per 1,000 board feet for 
ive and $3.15 for deadtimber. The cost oflogging this timber was about $20 per 1,000 feet, making a total 
cost of $23.15 to $26.30 for jack pine logs delivered on the landing, or double the cost of what white pine logs 
were 10 years ago. A few years ago, when the jack pine timber could have been logged for $5 to $8 per 1,000 
feet, there was no Sale for it.’’ 
