24 BULLETIN 820, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Untreated jack pine ties last from 6 to 8 years because they are 
cut from comparatively old trees that have a large proportion of 
durable heartwood. An increasing proportion of jack pine ties, 
however, is being creosoted, and these treated ties last from 15 to 20 
years if they are not sooner rendered unusable by frequent spiking. 
LUMBER AND SLACK COCPERAGE. 
The chief use for the larger jack pine trees in the Lake States is for 
lumber. Where jack pine occurs either with Norway or white pine 
it is always cut with these species just as it comes. The larger and 
better trees are utilized chiefly for construction material, boards, 
siding, and box and slack cooperage material. 
In Minnesota ! most of the big mills cut at least a smail quantity 
of jack pine. Perhaps 200 small mills cut jack pine, and in some 
eases nothing else, for use as box lumber and grain door boards. The 
annual cut is perhaps 200 million feet, and the cost of logs at the 
mills, from $7 to $9 per 1,000 board feet.. 
In Wisconsin ? all mills, from the smallest to the largest, cut jack 
pine. It would be very difficult to get a figure on the amount cut by 
large mills, and impossible to get any estimate on the amount cut by 
the small mills, because in many instances the good jack pine goes in 
with Norway pine lumber. 
The cost of jack pine at a sawmill varies from $10 to $15 per 1,000 
board feet, depending on the location, business conditions, and size 
of the timber. In 1917, No. 3 and home jack pine nce: sold for 
$20 per 1,000 f. 0. b. Duluth, Minn. 
In Ooneda jack pine comprises about 1 per cent of the total annua] 
lumber cut. Table 14 shows the cut of jack pine and the f. o. b. mill 
value of the lumber in the different provinces for the years 1913 and 
1914. 
TaBLE 14—Lumber cut and f. o. b. mill value of jack pine in Canada.* 
No. of Se Average vaine Der 
active QuarviLy M feet b 
Province. Millss [is eee As a ae 
report- 
ing. 1913 1914 1913 ; 1914 
Mft 6.™m. M ft.b.m. | Dollars. | Doilars. 
Rotalallsprovincessesaaacceeceisenineccenesese 497 35, 404 44, 000 14. 37 14. 23 
ONGEATIO Tra ee Se ee ee ae eee 47 24, 297 17, 890 14.51 15. 00 
QTC DCC as Fe ee he a ee a 400 1, 160 13, 727 16.00 14. 60 
BritishkColumbiges see occ ss ooo ene 10 4,306 7, 041 14, 29 225k 
Feri: Mae ae eRe Med beer Me LAT iy ale 22 2, 237 4, 488 15. 83 14.58 
ING WAS RUS WIG ke eee ea le ae eee ee 2 358 4 13. 64 14. 06 
Manito asc se e aee a ec ind ay nae 8 2, 783 201 11. 71 14.05 
SASK a TClTG wines eae a oe ee eee 4 146 | ° 12.00 12.00 
INOVAISCOLTA ee S58 aU eee MR peta een ane eee 3 51 105 16. 20 14.95 
iPrinceidwardulslandsee see ee eee 1 6 2 12.50 20. 00 
1 Letterfrom State Forester Cox, of Minnesota, July 17, 1916. 
2 Letterfrom State Forester Moody, of Wisconsin, July "31, 1916. 
@ From Bulletin 56 of the Canadian Forestry Branch. 
