A STUDY OF FARM OBGANIZATION IN CENTEAL KANSAS 71 
This outlined organization requires approximately 4,000 hours of 
regular crop and livestock labor. Ample provisions has been made 
in the expenses for hiring extra labor when necessary. This expense 
could probably be reduced by exchanging with neighbors. It is 
assumed that the work of a miscellaneous character could be fitted 
into the labor program without serious conflict with the regular crop 
and livestock labor. _ The probable distribution of this regular crop 
and livestock labor is shown in Figure 31. 
The suggested organization gives approximately $500 more in 
returns for the farm resources than did the old organization. The 
changes have consisted of reducing the wheat acreage slightly and 
increasing the acreage of feed crops. Alfalfa and Sudan grass are 
added as crops for feed. The numbers of milk cows, hogs, and 
chickens are increased and the number of work horses decreased. 
These are shifts within the business and require additional invest- 
ment of $500 to $600 in the increased numbers of livestock. The 
interest and taxes on this additional investment should not exceed 
$40 to $50 a year and they have not been included in the preceding 
statement of expenses. 
This improvement is largely one of reorganization of the enter- 
prises already included in the business. It does not involve questions 
of the effect of changing the size of the farm business by adding more 
land or making materially increased investments. A slight increase 
in the production of butterfat per cow and in the production of eggs 
is assumed. This can easily be done by better feeding practices and 
the use of more protein supplement has been provided for in the 
expenses. 
Still another possible way to increase returns would be to perform 
the various operations in less time and more efficiently. It is doubt- 
ful if materially increased net returns could be obtained in this way, 
because this farmer was doing the various operations with a fairiy 
high degree of efficiency. However, the opportunity exists on many 
farms and should not be overlooked when plans are made for increasing 
the financial returns to the business. 
EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN CROP YIELDS UPON THE RELATIVE RETURNS FROM THE 
TWO PLANS 
In outlining these organizations, the assumption is made that 
production in terms of crop yields in the new organization would 
remain the same. It is possible that the yield per acre of wheat 
might be high enough in a particular year to malce the returns for 
the organization consisting primarily of wheat higher than the returns 
to the organization in which wheat is less important. Assuming no 
change in prices or costs, this would require a yield of 25 to 30 bushels 
per acre, or approximately double the long-time average yield of 
wheat in this area. Over a period of years, large wheat yields in 
this area can not be relied upon to make a straight wheat system of 
farming more profitable than a system including livestock and feed 
crops. 
On the other hand, it is reasonable to expect that with a more 
diversified system of farming, crop yields could be increased some- 
what by keeping livestock to produce manure and aid in maintaining 
soil fertility. The increased opportunities for crop rotation because 
