A STUDY OF FAEM ORGANIZATION IN CENTRAL KANSAS 49 
REASONS FOR VARIATIONS IN FEED REQUIREMENTS 
Farm 19 was low on grain, but fed a considerable amount of shorts 
and some tankage. On farm 4 the hogs followed cattle and received 
skim milk, which accounts for the low grain reported. On farm 7, 
3 sows and 13 pigs ran in a kafir field for 30 days, which is reported 
as pasture. Farm 10 was high on grain because of no pasture and 
high death loss. Where a small amount of pork was produced, the 
use of kitchen slop cut down the requirements to a great extent. 
VETERINARY SERVICES AND MEDICINE COSTS 
Expenses for veterinary services and medicine in 1922 were almost 
negligible. This is rather unusual, but the items are always small. 
Vaccinating is the biggest expense. 
STANDARD REQUIREMENTS 
The following are suggested as standards for producing 100 pounds 
of pork. As pork is produced in larger quantities, garbage will have 
less effect on feed requirements than on some of the farms for 1922. 
However, most farms offer excellent opportunities to produce a 
limited number of hogs with much less feed than is given in these 
standards, provided full use is made of available pasture, crop wastes, 
and wastes from the house. 
Grain pounds. _ 400 
Protein supplements do 40 
Pasture — alfalfa, rye, Sudan grass livestock unit days__ 4 10 
Man labor hours. _ 4 
H orse work do 1 
POULTRY 
Table 26 gives the feed and labor requirements on poultry. These 
are for 100 fowls. The number used is the average of the two in- 
ventories. Young chickens raised during the year and sold or used 
in the house before the second inventory are not included in the 
number, but their feed is included. Besides the feed actually fed, 
much was picked up. All farms produce both poultry and eggs in 
varying amounts, and the product is listed under the two heads. 
So much feed is foraged by the flocks that it is difficult to account 
for any variation in feed requirements, but in general, those receiving 
more feed produced more poultry and eggs. All the better-producing 
flocks also received grit lite oyster shell. 
Most of the labor expended on poultry is performed by the wives 
or daughters of the farmers. Those farms with incubators and 
brooders had the greater amount of labor. The horse work used was 
not enough to be of any significance. The distribution of the labor 
on a flock of 120 chickens is shown in Figure 26. The special labor 
shown consists of such tasks as marketing, culling, and preparing 
feeds. 
* Pasture is given as the number of livestock unit pasture days. This figure must be multiplied by 5 
for mature hogs and by 10 for pigs to get the number of days per head. 
1816°— 25f 4 
