46 BULLETIN 583, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
and it was only by systematic coaching and inspection that this con- 
dition was improved. 
While the camp was in course of construction at the first site an 
inspection was made by an officer assigned by the Public Health 
Service, who outlined plans for sanitation. These included the pro- 
tection of the well which called for the construction of a water-tight 
concrete casing to extend 4 feet below the surface and IS inches 
above the ground, a concrete shield covering the ground around the 
well for a distance of 3 or 4 feet, and a water-tight cover of matched 
boards. The well was not constructed exactly in accordance with 
his instructions, and the protection provided was somewhat inade- 
quate. The concrete casing was extended only 2 feet below and 
6 inches above the ground surface, and no shield was provided, but 
in its place a ditch was dug around the well about 4 feet outside of 
the casing. The wooden cover was provided, as recommended, and 
a fence was erected around the well to prevent walking over the 
cover. 
With the coming of the summer the flies became numerous and 
troublesome. They undoubtedly had then origin in the mule corral 
and it is probable that their numbers- would have been reduced 
greatly by the apphcation of borax to the manure, as suggested by 
the Public Health Service, but it was impossible either to convince 
the county authorities that the corral was the source or to persuade 
them to try the treatment recommended. It is true that the large 
surface area of the corral, over the entire extent of which the animal 
droppings were scattered, might have rendered the complete exter- 
mination of the flies impracticable, but the treatment would have 
bettered the conditions greatly. The screens in the windows and 
doors did not protect the interiors of the buildings. The flies came 
in when the doors were opened, and they collected in large numbers, 
particularly in the kitchen. When, finally, the abatement of the 
nuisance received the serious consideration of the county authorities, 
flytraps were constructed and fly paper was used liberally. These 
measures served to improve the conditions, but this phase of the 
experiment, at best, can not be regarded as a success. 
The failures recited above are mentioned as matters of fact, but 
it- should not be supposed that the sanitary conditions, as a whole, 
were bad. On the contrary, the camp presented an unusually clean 
and well-kept appearance, and even in respect to the fly nuisance it 
is quite likely that the conditions were somewhat better than the 
average. 
The cost of caring for the camp is not reckoned as a part of the 
cost of maintaining the convicts themselves, and the direction of 
their labor by the camp clerk is charged under the head of camp 
supervision. 
