58 BULLETIN 583, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Two hundred and eighty-eight linear feet of 15-inch vitrified-clay 
sewer pipe was placed for drainage purposes, and a concrete bridge 
consisting of two 14-foot arches was begun at Long Island Creek. 
Up to the time the Government engineer was withdrawn the excava- 
tion for the foundations, consisting of 105 cubic yards of wet sand 
and clay, had been completed, and 62 cubic yards of concrete had 
been placed. The stone aggregate was secured from the excavation 
between stations 63 and 68, and the sand was obtained from the 
creek and hauled half a mile. Gutters on both sides of the road in 
all cuts were paved for a width of 3 feet with stone from the excava- 
tion, broken by hand to the required size; and 1,500 square yards of 
the top-soil surfacing had been spread when the experiment was dis- 
continued. The material was obtained from a field near station 
2 plus 00 and was hauled an average distance of 1,200 feet. 
This work, together with a small amount of miscellaneous work, 
consisting principally of the moving of a small country store off the 
right of way, cleaning gutters and repairing washouts, and the 
Heards Ferry road-machine work constituted the occupation of the 
convicts from January 10 to July 1, when the Hemphill Avenue con- 
struction was begun. Up to August 23, 5 acres of right of way had 
been cleared and 4,000 cubic yards of earth and 50 cubic yards of 
rock had been excavated and moved. 
Superintendence and free labor. — The road work was under the gen- 
eral supervision of the deputy warden who, though he also was respon- 
sible for the conduct of the camp, devoted about three-fourths of 
his time to the construction. He was assisted by two foremen who 
were in immediate charge of the work and men and whose entire time is 
properly chargeable to the road work. The wages paid to these officers 
are given on page 41. Besides these officials the only other citizens 
employed on the work were a blacksmith, who received $2 per day 
and board, and a driver, who was paid at the rate of $1.35 per day 
and board for the time he was actually employed. The latter was 
employed primarily for the purpose of transporting men and supplies 
from Atlanta, but a part of his time was devoted to the construction 
work. 
Teams. — From January to August an average of 12.92 pairs of the 
county's mules were kept in the stable attached to the camp. They 
were valued at $600 per pair and it is estimated that they depreciated 
at the rate of 10 per cent per year. Harness cost $40.50 per double 
team, and it is estimated that it depreciated at the rate of 25 per 
cent per year. Actual records of the cost of feed and bedding show 
that this item amounted to $1,057 per double team per calendar day. 
No account is taken in this connection of the cost of shoeing, but 
proper allowance is made for it in connection with the cost of main- 
