12 BULLETIN 340, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
perature. All others should be given the serum-alone treatment in 
doses varying in accordance with the severity of the symptoms mani- 
fested by the individual animals. If the examination reveals a con- 
siderable number of infections, it is advisable to use the serum alone 
for all the animals, and in 3 or 4 weeks to revaccinate by the simul- 
taneous method. 
The dosage should depend on the potency of the serum, serum of a 
high potency naturally being most desirable ; thus, in some instances 
serum in 5 c. c. doses for large animals and 3 c. c. for smaller ones was 
found to be effective for immunization purposes. Unfortunately all 
hyperimmune animals do not yield serum of such high potency, and 
for this reason it is obvious that accurate potency tests should be 
carried out by the producer of the serum. 
In the treatment of anthrax, serum should be administered in large 
doses. An animal showing only a high temperature, with no other 
manifestations of the disease, should be given from 30 to 50 c. c, but 
if the gravity of the disease is pronounced, 100 c. c. should be ad- 
ministered. In almost every instance a drop in temperature may be 
observed and a diminishing of the severity of the symptoms. At 
times, however, a relapse occurs about the second or third day fol- 
lowing the serum injection, when it becomes necessary to administer 
another dose of serum. It has been proved that animals affected 
with anthrax, even after the bacilli are found in the blood circulation, 
may recover after an injection of potent serum. 
The simultaneous treatment, as in the Pasteur treatment, may at 
times result in a temperature and systemic reaction in the animals. 
These manifestations are indicated by an elevation of temperature 
and sometimes by a swelling at the point of inoculation of the spore 
vaccine. These symptoms, however, are usually of short duration, 
and only in very exceptional cases will they result in the loss of the 
animal. However, if the reaction following the injection of the spore 
vaccine threatens the life of the animal, a second injection of serum 
should be administered. 
The anthrax serum injected simultaneously with the vaccine has a 
counteracting effect upon the reaction which may follow the injec- 
tion of the spore vaccine during the process of immunization. 
At times anaphylactic reactions are observed as a result of the 
serum injected, especially in cases where the serum is foreign to the 
animals treated. These manifestations appear as a rule within one- 
half hour after injection, in the form of urticarialike eruptions, 
swelling of the head, slight chills, and rise in temperature. More 
severe symptoms have also been noted to follow such injections, but 
they almost invariably subside within a few hours. 
