LIFE HISTORY OF TIMOTHY 25 
1919 were separated from those which had developed on the same 
axis in the spring and summer of 1918 by a number of nonelongated 
internodes. The length of the elongated part of the shoot which 
grew in 1918 was 16.2 inches; the length of that which grew in 1919 
was 7.9 inches. Seventeen leaves, counting the leaf which grew from 
the base of the haplocorm, developed prior to December 12, 1918, 
and 13 leaves developed after that date during the winter and 
spring of 1919, making a total number of 30 leaves during two 
seasons' growth, in addition to leaves which grew on the proaxis be- 
fore the culm began to develop in the spring of 1918. At the time 
when this plant dried up in the greenhouse in the spring of 1919 
no head had appeared on the shoot under observation. 
Another sterile shoot with its tip partly covered with soil in a 
greenhouse bench to which the plant had been transplanted Novem- 
ber 3, 1916. continued its growth through the following winter, 
spring, and early summer. A head on which florets in bloom were 
observed on July 7, 1917, terminated the growth of this shoot. 
CHANGES IN STERILE SHOOTS DURING LATE SUMMER AND FALL 
During late spring and early summer the internodes of sterile 
shoots become elongated in the same way as on fertile shoots, except 
that the elongated internodes do not attain as great length as on a 
shoot producing a head. During the latter part of the summer, how- 
ever, the new internodes which develop at the tips of sterile shoots 
are progressively shorter. The internodes which develop later in 
the fall are not elongated, and the leaves at the tips of these shoots 
grow close together in much the same way as on the proaxis (13, 
p. 4-5). 
On the 10 sterile shoots referred to in a preceding paragraph, 
which were collected on December 12, 1918, counting from the leaf 
at the node below the haplocorm to the most recently developed 
leaf on the shoot, there was an average number of 17.3 leaves; yet 
there was an average of only 10.8 elongated internodes per shoot. 
This shows that there was an average number of 6.5 leaves near the 
tips of these shoots growing from nodes not separated by elongated 
internodes. In this nonelongated terminal part of these shoots dur- 
ing the fall months buds and innovations frequently develop in the 
leaf axils. 
The blades of the leaves at the tip of sterile shoots in the fall 
months are usually shorter than the blades of leaves which develop 
during late spring or early summer. 
Typical short leafy sterile shoots as they appear in the fall are 
shown in Plate 6, A. 
Occasionally lateral shoots or innovations develop from nodes be- 
tween elongated internodes of sterile shoots. One of these shoots 
found on November 6, 1914, is shown in Plate 6, B. This condition is 
very uncommon in plants of ordinary American timothy. 
It has been suggested that innovations at the tips of sterile shoots 
are one of the provisions of nature by which timothy plants reproduce 
themselves (23, p. US). When a shoot of this type is artificially 
bent over and the base of the innovation at its tip is covered with 
moist soil, the innovation readily produces roots and becomes an in- 
