TIMBER GROWING AND LOGGING PRACTICE IN CALIFORNIA 7 
Detailed study on old cutting areas- shows beyond doubt that 
advance reproduction must be the mainstay of the new stand 
throughout the region and particularly in the east side yellow pine 
type (fig. 1). 
In all of the older cut-over areas examined, age counts made on 
seedlings showed that, except in rare cases, what appeared to be 
young seedlings that had come up after logging were in actuality ad- 
vance reproduction. The casual observer, judging only by general 
appearance, frequently has a false idea of the ease of obtaining re- 
production, particularly in pure yellow pine on the east side, simply 
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Fig. 1.— preservation OF YOUNG GROWTH IS THE KEY TO GROWING 
TIMBER 
In the California pine region the young trees remaining grow rapidly after the 
timber is cut. and represent substantial progress toward a new timber crop. 
They are important to the owner, whether he plans to sell or to hold his land. 
through failure to realize that the small seedlings on cut-over areas 
are advance, not subsequent, reproduction. 
- Practically every important lumbering operation in the California pine region, old and 
new, was studied on the ground, and the statements of fact in the following pages are 
based on these studies. A reasonably complete and balanced picture was obtained of 
past and present methods of logging, cutting, slash disposal, and fire protection as they 
affect the productivity of forest lands. The method was first to make a general survey of 
the entire area under observation to determine the timber types involved, type of logging 
used, methods of slash disposal employed, etc., then to make detail cruise strips on typical 
selected areas in order to have definite information on which to base conclusions. 
Many of the silvical facts regarding the life history of trees and stands have already 
been proved. Additional field research has been done when basic information was needed, 
as for example on the minimum size of trees that bear seed in adequate amount. In addi- 
tion, original data of the Forest Service bearing on condition of cut-over lands, and re- 
sulting from timber cruises, have been utilized. 
The cost figures used in this bulletin are in all cases based on actual studies. In the 
few years since most of these studies were made, operating costs have increased so that 
probably the actual values should be raised somewhat. On the other hand, the credit 
items have also increased and it is believed that on a percentage basis of total cost the 
figures used are reasonably reliable. 
The writer is indebted to Duncan Dunning, associate silviculturist, for assistance in 
the field study of cut-over areas and in the analysis of material. 
