TIMBER GROWING AND LOGGING PRACTICE IN CALIFORNIA 31 
!J 
Fig. 11. 
F- I 69309 
-HAVOC WROUGHT BY HIGH-LEAD AS SEEN FROM THE AIR 
A large proportion of the ground has been dragged bare by the converging 
lines leading np to the spar tree. Within 500 feet from the spar tree the damage 
to young growth amounts practically to denudation. 
Table 2. — Effect of high-lead yarding on advance reproduction up to 4 inches 
diameter treast high 
Distance 
Trees 
from 
before 
logging 
Trees per acre after 
spar tree 
logging 
Feet 
Number 
Number 
Per cent 
200 
1,347 
3 
0.2 
400 
1,689 
44 
2.6 
600 
1,585 
297 
18.7 
800 
1,628 
607 
37.3 
800-f- 
2,694 
1,479 
54.9 
At the outer edge of the logged area the damage is of about the 
same magnitude as that already found for ground-lead logging. 
Between 500 and 800 feet it is considerably higher than for the 
ground lead. At about 500 feet out from the spar tree the damage 
is practically complete, as the data clearly show. There nothing 
survives, and the regularity with w^hich this condition is found on 
all high-lead settings makes it evident that it is inherent in the 
system. (Fig. 11.) 
The ground-lead system, especially wdth low-speed engines, does 
not commonly result in breaking off or pulling down seed trees 
