32 
{Q.g. 12), but this is a strongly marked characteristic of the high 
lead, and many trees 16 to 20 inches in diameter are destroyed. A 
sample strip 30 chains long run through a typical high-lead area 
and including both the inner and middle zones showed that 77 per 
cent of all trees over 12 inches in diameter had been pulled down, 
or had had the tops snapped out. 
Even in the east side yellow pine type this method has been used 
to some extent, although there appears to be no topographic reason 
for so doing. One example, a typical one, may be cited. Up to 
recent years one company logged with animals, and though the 
timber had been practically clear cut the damage to reproduction 
was so slight that the area now, about 10 years after logging, pre- 
sents a fine appearance. Barring fire, the future productivity is 
F-I57I32 
Fig. 12.— how GROUND-LEAD YARDING SAVES YOUNG GROWTH 
Timber can be macbine logged witbout destroying the advance reproduction, 
upon which the future forest relies. Ground-lead yarding, as in this case, usually 
leaves ample young growth. 
assured. A striking contrast is an area in similar country, about C 
miles away, logged in 1917-18 with high lead. (Fig. 13.) An 
examination shows not over 25 per cent of the area left with advance 
reproduction surviving and the distribution very poor indeed. The 
contrast in condition of reproduction between these two areas is 
chargeable entirely to the use of the high-lead method. 
The Forest Service, after allowing the high lead on selected 
sale areas as an experiment, has definitely decided that its use can 
not be sanctioned, and has placed the maximum permissible height 
of the lead block at 35 feet. This has been called the modified- 
lead method. National forest experience is that even with every 
effort to prevent excessive damage destruction is inherent in the 
high-lead method. Only occasional high-lead settings are found 
where complete wiping out of seed trees and young groAvth is avoided 
