TIMBEE GROWING AND LOGGING PRACTICE IN CALIFORNIA 51 
over). Considering all types, the total stand averages 1,140,000 feet 
to the forty, of which 41,000 feet, or but 3.6 per cent, is in small 
seed trees. This is only about 1,100 board feet an acre. Figure 21 
shows what a small part of the entire stand this really is. 
Although this investment is sometimes regarded as a serious ob- 
stacle, as a matter of fact many operators now using the high lead 
are dragging down or breaking oif trees of the sizes needed and 
suitable for seed trees. Tallies of damage to small trees on two 
representative areas are summarized in Table 5. It is to be noted 
that about 3.5 seed trees (18-20 inches) per acre were destroyed 
by these logging methods. 
AVEIRAGE STAND PER FORTY IN M BOARD FEET 
100 500 1000 1200 
f '^"^ YELLOW PINE 
m SEED TREE INVESTMENT, OR VOLUME: OF TREIEIS 12 TO 20 INCHES IN DIAMETER 
■^ TOTAL STAND IN ALL FORTIES HAVING 800.000 BOARD FEET OR OVER 
Fig. 21. — Board foot volume invested in seed trees on the best forties in five principal 
timber types. The average stand for these five types is 1,140,000 board feet to the 
forty and the average " investment " in 12 to 20 inch seed trees of the amount that 
would remain under a 20-inch cutting limit, is 41,000 feet, or but 3.6 per cent of the 
total. The relative sizes of solid and shaded bars in the diagram show the inconsid- 
erable portion of the total stand required in the different types 
Table 5. — Effect of high-lead yardhig on small trees 
Diameter 
Total 
Diameter 
Total 
breast 
trees per 
Trees pulled down 
breast 
trees per 
Trees pulled down 
high 
acre 
high 
acre 
Inches 
Number 
Number 
Per cent 
Inches 
Number 
Number 
Per cent 
4 
16.0 
11.0 
69 
14 
8.0 
7.5 
94 
6 
15.0 
10.0 
67 
16 
4.5 
2.5 
56 
8 
20.0 
15.0 
75 
18 
5.0 
2.0 
40 
10 
7.5 
4.5 
60 
20 
4.5 
1.5 
33 
12 
10.5 
6.0 
57 
It is further to be considered that the cost of making lumber from 
these small trees, if they are taken, is so great as to leave little or 
no margin of profit, nor is the lumber produced of a desirable qual- 
ity. Of the total contents of trees 20 inches and smaller in diam- 
eter, a very low percentage is upper grade material. The usual 
jorofit in lumbering is obtained from the clear and shop lumber pro- 
duced from the large trees, not in the common lumber sawn out of 
the smaller trees. 
Cutting to a 20-inch diameter limit, if supplemented by occasional 
larger trees where needed, is recommended as an effective though 
