2 BULLETIN 157, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
fact that the experiments had been conducted during only a brief 
period and no conclusive results were available. In 1913 a detailed 
report of varietal and improvement work with cereals was issued. 1 
The present bulletin presents the results of the cultivation experi- 
ments with dry-land cereals. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBSTATION. 
A detailed description of the Nephi substation and a full discussion 
of the climatological data collected there were given in a previous 
publication; 1 hence, only a brief description of the substation will 
be given here, and, except in special cases, the climatological factors 
will not be considered further than to give general averages. 
LOCATION. 
The Nephi substation is located 6 miles south of Nephi, in the 
eastern part of Juab County, Utah, near the center of the State. 
It comprises 100 acres of land lying near the top of the north slope 
"of the Levan Ridge, which transversely crosses the Juab Valley. 
The top of this ridge is approximately 6,000 feet above sea level 
and about 500 feet higher than the bottom of the valley. When the 
substation was located in 1903, the Levan Ridge was covered with 
a dense growth of sagebrush, from 2 to 5 feet in height. Now, 
dry farming is practiced generally on the ridge and from 150,000 
to 175,000 bushels of winter wheat are produced annually in the 
vicinity of the substation. 
SOIL. 
The soil of the substation, like most soils of the Great Basin, is 
alluvial and very deep. It is reddish brown in color and varies in 
texture from clay loam to sandy loam, the latter appearing most 
generally beneath the 4-foot level. Above this level the soil con- 
tains about 15 per cent of clay. This comparatively high per- 
centage of clay makes the soil " heavy" and rather difficult to work 
under certain conditions. In wet weather it becomes very sticky, 
while in extremely dry weather that on which a crop has been grown 
becomes very hard. The preparation of a good seed bed, however, 
usually is not difficult. 
RAINFALL. 
The average annual precipitation at the Nephi substation for 1898 
to 1913, inclusive, was 13.4 inches. During this period the annual 
precipitation was above normal 6 years and below normal 10 years. 
The wettest year was 1906, with 18.48 inches precipitation; the 
driest year was 1910, with 9.08 inches. During the progress of the 
experiments reported herein, the annual precipitation was above 
i Cardon, P. V. Cereal investigations at the Nephi substation. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 30, 50 p., 9 figs., 
1913. 
