A STUDY IN HYPERPARASITISM 21 
cate flagellum arising from the anterior end. Very often several eggs 
are deposited in one cocoon, but the species is strictly solitary 
with respect to development, and never more than one individual 
matures in such cases. About two days are required for the egg to 
hatch. The rapidity of the development of the larva is indicated by 
the following quotation taken from the notes upon one of the individ- 
uals which were carried through from egg to adult in the cells on 
depressed glass slides: 
August 26—Egg has hatched. : 
August 27, 3 p. m.—First stage molt skin removed and mounted. 
August 28, 10 a. m.—Second stage molt skin removed and mounted. 
August 29, 8 a. m.—Third stage molt skin removed and mounted. 
August 30, 8 a. m.—Fourth stage molt skin removed and mounted. 
September 1, 2 p. m.—Meconium has been cast. 
September 2, 7 a. m.—Pupa has been formed; fifth stage molt skin removed 
and mounted. 
Fig. 5.—Eurytoma appendigaster, female 
The pupal stage averages 10 to 14 days, making a total period for 
development from egg to adult normally of from 18 to 24 days, in 
the case of the summer generation. The hibernating brood spends 
nearly 10 months as a mature larva. 
We have sometimes found FE. appendigaster rather extensively para- 
sitized by two species of Pleurotropis, which are discussed later. 
EUPELMIDAE 
EUPELMUS SPONGIPARTUS FOERSTER 
(Fig. 6) 
The recorded hosts of various species of EKupelmus include many 
types of insects, such as numerous species of Cynipidae and of the 
eurytomid genus Harmolita among the Hymenoptera; eggs of cer- 
tain Orthoptera, particularly Mantis eggs; Lepidoptera like Cole- 
