in detail by McConnell 
Hessian fly. He also 
reared by Phillips from 
identified as this species. 
-ary on the Hessian fly has 
been demonstrated by 
A STUDY IN HYPERPARASITISM ao 
ranges from 25 to 38 days. According to observations made upon 
certain individuals carried through their development in glass cells, 
between 3 and 4 days are passed in the egg, about 48 hours in each 
of the first four larval stages, from 4 to 7 days in the last larval stage, 
and 12 to 14 days in the pupal stage. When there is but one gen- 
eration annually about 11 months are spent in the host cocoon, 
nearly all of this period 
as a resting mature larva, Dn, yA 
which is the hibernating ~~ B 
form. = Va 
Unfertilized females de- 
posit eggs quite as readily 
as those that have been 
mated. The progeny re- 
sulting from partheno- 
genetic reproduction are 
entirely males. 
EUPELMINUS SALTATOR 
(LINDEMANN) 
(Fig. 7) 
The biology of this 
species has been discussed 
(23), who studied it par- 
ticularly in its réle as a 
primary parasite of the 
states that specimens 
the galls of various 
species of Harmolita, the 
joint worms, have been 
That it is actually prim- 
McConnell by breeding Fic. 7.—Eupelminus saltator, female 
it experimentally upon 
-puparia known to have been®free trom other parasites. The writers 
have definitely determined that it is frequently hyperparasitic by 
rearing hundreds of specimens from field-collected cocoons of Apanteles 
melanoscelus. They have also bred it in the laboratory upon this 
primary parasite. 
As a parasite of Apanteles in New England, Ewpelminus saltator 
seems in general to have three generations annually, although there is 
some variation in this. The first adults appear about the end of 
May or the first of June. The first-generation cocoons of the Apan- 
teles, which are formed soon afterward, are sometimes extensively 
‘parasitized; and the female hyperparasites emerging from these 
cocoons attack the second brood of Apanteles. Normally 24 to 30 
days are required for development from egg to adult, and there are 
