50 
BULLETIN 654, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
tracting from the total receipts all expenses incurred by both land- 
lord and renter except rent, and the labor income by subtracting 
from the farm income interest at 8 per cent on the total investment 
of both landlord and tenant. 
The investment required on these farms and the returns obtained 
from them are shown in Table XXI. 
Table XXI. — Investment required on farms of different sizes, and the farm income and 
labor income obtained by the operators of these farms in the irrigated valleys of southern 
Arizona. 
Size-group. 
Number 
of farms. 
Average 
area. 
Total 
invest- 
ment. 
Per cent 
Value of j of farms 
real es- failing to 
tate. make 8 
per cent. 
Farm in- 
conic'. 
Labor 
income. 
A zres. 
0-19 
54 
45 
54 
84 
103 
Acres. 
11 
20 
30 
40 
62 
80 
$5,417 
7,205 
10,845 
11,119 
15,401 
16,584 
20, 929 
27,050 
32.158 
46,963 
89,470 
21,737 
$4,315 
5,679 
8,853 
8,646 
12,381 
12, 828 
17,270 
20, 744 
24, 794 
36, 543 
70,126 
17,110 
22.2 8698 
42.2 935 
25.9 1,317 
26.2 1,387 
26.2 1,862 
17.3 2,156 
31.9 2,155 
17.9 3,141 
27.3 j 3,590 
26.0 i 4,919 
21.9 8,934 
25.7 2 462 
S4, 315 
354 
20 
21-39 
450 
40 
495 
41-79 
630 
80 
829 
81-119 
47 101 
480 
120-159 
39 
44 
50 
32 
627 
137 
163 
244 
530 
104 
977 
160 
1,024 
1 160 
161-320 . . 
Over 320 
2' 060 
All farms 
722 
It will be noticed that the farm income and labor income rise 
steadily as the size of the farm increases, with the exception. of one 
group, namely, those farms ranging in size from 81 to 119 acres. 
In searching for the reason why the labor hicome falls instead of 
rising in this group it was found that 53.2 per cent of the farmers 
were engaged extensively in hay farming, grain farming, or in the 
sale of pasture, while but 38.5 per cent of the farms' in the group of 
next larger farms were so engaged, and in the group of farms of 80 
acres but 33.3 per cent were so engaged. But 21.3 per cent of the 
f armers were engaged in dairying, and many of these were beginners 
in the enterprise, while in the group of farms next higher in size 
26.0 per cent of the farmers were engaged in dairying and 15.4 per 
cent in highly profitable diversified live stock farming. In the 
group of farms of 80 acres, 32 per cent of the farmers were engaged 
in dairying; while hi the group of farms of 40 acres, 40.5 per cent of 
the 1 farmers were engaged in this enterprise. We have seen that 
during the three years covered by these studies the three dominant 
enterprises on farms ranging from 81 to 119 acres were among the 
Less profitable in these valleys, while dairying and general live ^tock 
were among the more profitable enterprises. 
The reason the farmers on farms of this size are not so extensively 
engaged in dairying is found in economic changes that took place 
about the time these studies were begun. In former years hay 
farming had been a comparatively profitable enterprise owing to the 
