FARM ORGANIZATION IN SOUTHERN ARIZONA. 
31 
being in a class by themselves and not comparable with ordinary 
farms. Other dairy breeds are represented by breeders in the \ al- 
leys, but the numbers of such live stock are far below those of the 
Holstein breed. Shorthorn cattle, with a preference for the dairy 
type, rank next in popularity to the Holsteins. These two breeds 
are preferred because their steer calves develop rapidly on alfalfa 
forage and purchasers of fat cattle in Arizona make no discrimina- 
tion against them, contrary to the custom with most dairy breeds. 
Owners of shorthorn cows are at present breeding them to Holstein 
bulls, indicating a strong preference in southern Arizona for the 
black and white dairy cattle. In Salt River Valley, especially, there 
are a large number of fine graded Holstein dairy live stock, and such 
cities as Tucson, Bisbee, Douglas, and El Paso are turning to this 
valley for their supply of dairy cows. Prices of such cattle are no 
higher in Arizona than in eastern dairy States, and with a little 
attention to advertising and a little more care in breeding Salt River 
Valley should soon be known as a home of good dairy live stock and 
attract buyers from the outside. An outlet would thus be found for 
young dairy cattle when the present expansion of the dairy enter- 
prise has reached its limits. 
The importance of the dairy enterprise in the farm organization 
may be indicated by classifying all farms studied in the order of 
increasing percentage of receipts from dairying. Such a classifica- 
tion is presented in Table XIII. 
Table XIII. — Effect of increasing percentage cf receipts from dairying upon success in 
farming in the irrigated valleys of southern Arizona 1913 to 1915. 
Percentage receipts from dairy- 
ing. 
Average 
per cent 
receipts 
from 
dairying. 
Number 
of farms. 
Average 
area. 
Number 
failing to 
make 8 
per cent. 
Average 
total re- 
ceipts. 
Average 
farm in- 
come. 
Average 
labor in- 
come. 
to 5 
1.4 
13.2 
34.2 
54.1 
79.6 
195 
145 
94 
97 
96 
Acres. 
141 
102 
85 
79 
73 
60 
45 
22 
18 
16 
$5, 508 
3,633 
3,453 
3,423 
3,688 
$2, 768 
2,316 
2,182 
2,300 
2, 4.30 
$618 
5.1 to 25 
596 
25. 1 to 45 . . . 
13 
45. 1 to 65 
45 
Over 65 
993 
Out of receipts totaling $2,913,877, dairy cattle and dairy prod- 
ucts contributed $724,740, or 24.9 per cent. The sales of dairy 
cattle were $266,543 and the purchases $190,240, leaving net sales of 
$76,303. This indicates large buying and selling locally, and also 
indicates that when dairying has reached the limit of its possible 
expansion dairy cattle will have to find an outlet beyond the dis- 
tricts in which they are produced or will have to be sold for beef. 
The latter alternative will lower prices considerably and make the 
enterprise iess profitable. However, the present large type of dairy 
cows being produced can easily be sold at from $65 to $75 each for 
