30 
BULLETIN 654, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
turity before harvesting the total yield is much greater than when 
they are clipped off every two or three days. 1 As an example of the 
results to be obtained by rotation pasturing, it may be stated that 
one man without purchasing any feed kept on 160 acres of alfalfa 98 
dairy cows and enough other live stock to bring the number of his 
total animal units up to 199. Another pastured 149 mature ani- 
mals 12 months on 90 acres. Another kept 141 animal units one 
year on 140 acres of alfalfa, and in addition sold 60 tons of hay and 
10,000 pounds of alfalfa seed. 
Good dairy stock adds materially to success in dairy farming. 
The following tabulation, based upon dairy income per dairy animal 
unit, clearly brings out this fact. 
Table XII. — Effect of quality in dairy live stock upon success in dairy farming in the 
irrigated valleys of southern Arizona. 
Dairy income per 
dairy animal unit. 
Average 
dairy 
income 
per 
dairy 
animal 
unit. 
Number 
of 
farms. 
Average 
area 
Number 
failing 
to make 
8 per 
cent. 
Dairy 
prod- 
ucts 
per cow. 
Average 
totaf 
receipts. 
Average 
farm 
income. 
Average 
labor 
income. 
Average 
price of 
cows. 
$55 and under 
S47 
60 
72 
89 
124 
36 
50 
45 
. 32 
29 
Acres. 
72 
92 
83 
76 
65 
9 
10 
5 
4 
3 
$38 
50 
58 
72 
110 
S2, 886 
3,790 
3, 855 
3,290 
4,802 
$1,709 
2,405 
2,818 
2,380 
3,249 
$357 
826 
1,207 
1,041 
1,745 
$90 
92 
$65 1 to SS0 
100 
$80.1 toSlOO 
Over S100 a 
103 
105 
a Some of the farmers in this group retailed their milk. 
The table shows a steady increase in profits accompanying the 
increase in dairy income per dairy animal unit. The dairy income 
per dairy animal unit includes the value of all calves and the in- 
creases in value of all dairy live stock, as well as the value of dairy 
products sold. The value of the dairy products sold per cow in- 
creases with the income per dairy animal unit. The value of the 
cows also increases as the amount received for their products in- 
creases, showing that the dairymen in Arizona appreciate quality 
in their dairy animals. It should perhaps be mentioned that in the 
last group of farms in Table XII a higher efficiency in marketing has 
added its influence to good quality in the cows, since all the retail 
dairy farms studied are in this group; but the first four groups of 
farms are sufficient to bring out forcibly the effect of good quality in 
dairy stock upon profits in dairy farming. 
Several of the leading dairy breeds are found in southern Arizona, 
but the Holstein breed leads all others in numbers and is represented 
by several prosperous breeders of pure blood stock. None of these 
is included in the farms studied, because such farms are regarded as 
1 Lyman J. Briggs and H. L. Shantz. The effect of Frequent Cutting on the Water Requirements of 
Alfalfa and its Bearing on Pasturage. Bull. No. 228, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
