FALL-SOWN OATS IN THE SOUTH ll 
winter-oat types. The Fulghum type of oat, like the Red Rustproof, 
lacks winter hardiness, being even less hardy than the latter. This 
results in reduced stands and poor yields except in very favorable 
ears. 
Among the miscellaneous oat strains only one, Aurora, has been 
grown for more than 10 years. This variety, like F ulghum, lacks 
winter hardiness, and although the kernel type of Aurora is superior, 
its lack of hardiness often results in poor stands and low yields. 
Selections from a cross made by the senior writer in 1915 between 
Winter Turf (C. I. No. 431) and Aurora (C. I. No. 831) have shown un- 
usual promise. Several strains resulted from this cross, but the strain 
named Lee is the most promising. The Lee strain has plump, yellow 
kernels, is about as early in maturing as any of the winter-oat types 
except Fulghum, has at least as high a degree of hardiness as the more 
hardy Culberson and Bicknell strains, and yields exceptionally well. 
A comparison of the results obtained at Arlington Farm in the 4-year 
period from 1921 to 1925, inclusive, shows that Lee yielded at least 
4 bushels more than any of the other promising winter strains except 
Custis, a selection from the same cross which yielded only 1.2 bushels 
per acre less than Lee. One other strain from this cross, recently 
named Randolph, also yielded well, but not significantly better than 
two strains of Winter Turf, one strain of Bicknell, and two of Ful- 
chum. 
Table 3 presents a detailed analysis and comparison of the yielding 
power of the different varieties grown at Arlington Farm for the 
10 and 4 year periods. 
In Table 3 are presented comparisons between the yields of all the 
varieties shown in Table 2 with those of each of two standard varie- 
ties, Winter Turf (C. I. No. 431) and Lee (C. I. No. 2042). The 
average yields of the so-called standard varieties for comparable 
years are expressed as 100 per cent, the average yields of the varie- 
ie compared being more or less than 100 per cent as the case might 
e 
Few varieties grown for a long period have exceeded the yield of 
Winter Turf (C. I. No. 431). The two selections from Winter Turf 
(C. I. No. 435-4 and 541-4) each have outyielded the older strain 
by some 8 bushels, or 14 per cent. Several varieties grown for short 
periods also have exceeded this standard. Some of the most promis- 
ing are Kanota (C. I. No. 839), Custis (C. I. No. 2041), Lee (C. I. 
No. 2042), Randolph (C. I. No. 22h mane ©. lo No, 2277, 2None 
of these strains has been grown for more than four years, and the 
last one for two years only. Lee outyielded the standard Winter 
Turf by 10.3 bushels (17.4 per cent). Custis, a similar selection, gave 
a yield of 15.3 per cent greater. 
All of the Winter Turf strains surpassed Fulghum (C. I. No. 708) 
from 7.1 to 13.3 bushels per acre. The result demonstrates the lack 
of winter hardiness of Fulghum, all of the so-called hardy strains out- 
yielding this variety regardless of the number of years compared. 
Among the less hardy strains of the Red Rustproof type, however, 
Fulghum is superior. This probably is due to the early maturity of 
Fulghum and its ability to withstand hot weather during the heading 
and ripening periods. This latter characteristic is typical of varie- 
ties of Avena byzantina, to which the Red Rustproof and Fulghum 
strains belong. 
