COST OF MILK PRODUCTION ON WISCONSIN FARMS. 5 
cows, the quantity of the milk produced and its quality, were com- 
puted according to the Armsby feeding standard (see Table 2). The 
net energy values of the average quantities used of the different feeds 
were then computed. The feed contribution of pasture was computed 
as the difference between the net energy required and the net energy 
supplied by the feeds supplementing pasture during the 6 months 
from May 1 to November 1. This calculation assumes that the cows 
maintained. approximately the same body weight during the year, 
which, however, is not strictly true. On this basis, pasture supplied 
nearly one-fourth of the estimated feed requirements of the cows 
and somewhat less than that proportion of the total net energy sup- 
plied during the year. 
Table 2. — l?eed consumption per cow and per 100 pounds of milk produced on 
48 Wisconsin farms, 1920, together with the computed net energy values of 
this feed. 1 
Group A. 
Group B. 
Group C 
Group D. 
Group E. 
All farms. 
Number of farms 
12 
9,820 
8 
6,940 
11 
6,700 
8 
6,290 
9 
5,570 
48 
Average production per cow, pounds 
7,320 
ANNUAL FEED CONSUMPTION, PER COW (IN ADDITION TO PASTURE). 
Grain, pounds 
Hay, pounds 
Silage, etc., pounds 
Fodder, pounds 
2,987 
7,914 
1,854 
1,484 
1,056 
2,045 
2,581 
2,743 
2,358 
2,372 
8,496 
7,993 
7,640 
9,140 
3,948 
852 
124 
448 
1,527 
393 
1,990 
2,430 
7,591 
NET ENERGY VALUES OF FEED SUPPLIED PER COW. 
Estimated requirement (year total), therms 
Reported fed, therms 
4,850 
4,576 
859 
4,085 
3,618 
1, 248 
4,304 
3,870 
961 
3,772 
3,849 
914 
3,949 
2,375 
1,574 
4,490 
3,750 
1,053 
Pasture supplied, therms 
Total provided, therms 
5,435 
17.7 
4,866 
30.6 
4,831 
22.3 
4,763 
24.2 
3,949 
40.0 
4,803 
Per cent of total required supplied by pasture 
23.5 
FEED SUPPLIED (IN ADDITION TO PASTURE) PER 103 POUNDS MILK. 
Grain, pounds 
Hay, pounds 
Silage, etc., pounds 
Fodder, pounds 
30.4 
27.6 
27.7 
23.6 
19.0 
20.8 
37.2 
40.9 
37.5 
42.6 
86.5 
110.1 
119.3 
145.4 
71.4 
8.7 
1.8 
6.7 
24.3 
7.0 
27.2 
33.2 
103.7 
8.1 
VARIATIONS OBSERVED IN RATE OF FEEDING GRAIN. 
In quantity of grain fed per cow: 
Largest, pounds 
Smallest, pounds 
In grain fed per 100 pounds milk: 
Highest, pounds 
Lowest, pounds 
5,454 
1,265 
2,614 
1,144 
39.6 
21.1 
3,053 
735- 
45.2 
12.0 
3,146 
763 
34.3 
14.3 
,807 
209 
28.5 
5.9 
5,454 
209 
45.2 
5.9 
1 The net energy values and standard requirements used in the computations for this and other tables 
in this bulletin are those published in "Feeds and Feeding," edition previously referred to. In his book, 
"Nutrition of farm animals" (1917), Dr. H. P. Armsby discusses the whole problem of feeding cows in 
minute detail, making a revision of the standard net energy requirements for milk production of approxi- 
mately 10 per cent less than the figure used in these computations, based on the earlier tables. As these older 
tables are probably much more generally available to farm readers through "Feeds and Feeding," and 
Professor Eckles's book, "Dairy Cattle and Milk Production," and his research bulletins published by the 
Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, the computations have been made on that basis rather than 
according to the modified standard. 
/ 
