RELATION OF PRODUCTION TO INCOME FROM COWS. 5 
QUALITY OF COW-TESTING-ASSOCIATION COWS. 
The estimated production per cow of all the dairy cows in the 
United States is approximately 4,000 pounds of milk and 160 pounds 
of butterfat a year. The records of association cows show them to 
be approximately 50 per cent above average in both milk and butter- 
fat production, because the average production of those whose yearly 
records have been tabulated was 6.077 pounds of milk and 248 
pounds of butterfat. 
The greater yield of cows owned by association members is due 
to various causes, but is due chiefly to better feeding, breeding, and 
care. 
RELATION OF BUTTERFAT PRODUCTION TO INCOME. 
For Table 2 the records were sorted and grouped according to pro- 
duction of butterfat, each successive group center being 50 pounds 
above the one before it. 
Table 2. — Relation of butterfat production to income over cost of feed when the 
product teas sold as butterfat : years 1910 to 1920. inclusive. 
1 
Group No. 
Number 
of 
cows. 
Butter- 
fat 
range. 
Produc- 
tion 
average. 
Average 
price 
of 
butter- 
fat. 
Average 
income 
over 
cost of 
feed. 
1 
4 
43 
600 
2, 305 
4,310 
4,748 
3,385 
1,635 
652 
214 
79 
27 
8 
3 
1 
Pounds. 
0-25 
26-75 
76-125 
126-175 
176-225 
226-275 
276-325 
326-375 
376-425 
426-475 
476-525 
526-575 
576-625 
626-675 
676-725 
Pound*. 
23 
58 
109 
154 
202 
251 
298 
347 
396 
446 
493 
543 
600 
642 
708 
$0.38 
.41 
.44 
.44 
.44 
.44 
.44 
.44 
.44 
.45 
.43 
.40 
.41 
.43 
.29 
i $31. 35 
2 
1 13. 88 
3 
4 
12.48 
27.90 
5 
6 
7 
8 
42.45 
57.82 
73.34 
89.67 
9 
105. 07 
10 
11 
12 
13 
124.85 
135. 30 
134.80 
157. 87 
14 
150. 62 
15 
108. 18 
Total 
18, 014 
Average 
248 
.44 
57.44 
1 Loss. 
The income from these 18,014 cows was obtained from the sale 
.of butterfat. As the price received per pound varied little in the 
larger groups, the variation in income over cost of feed for those 
groups could not have been due to a difference in price of product. 
Evidently it was due to a difference in average production per cow. 
and this difference in production was due partly to the cows and 
partly to the way the cows were fed and cared for. 
The group whose average yearly butterfat production was 154 
pounds, or a little below that of the average dairy cow. had an aver- 
age income of $27.90 over cost of feed, while the group whose average 
