APPENDIX. 
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIOUS SPECIES AND RESULTS OF TREATMENT. 1 
Ash, green {Fraadnus lance olata) — h-eartwood. — Thin -walled 
tyloses were present in both sapwood and heartwood of green ash. 
Very little difficulty was experienced in obtaining a fairly good 
penetration in both the penetrance and cylinder treatments. Com- 
plete penetration resulted in the cylinder treatments when pressures 
of 75 pounds or more were employed. The wood prosenchyma was 
penetrated, and also the vessels and tyloses to some extent. 
Ash, white [Fraadmts amerieawa) — heartwood. — Thin-walled 
tyloses are scattered through both sapwood and heartwood of white 
ash. The wood took treatment fairly easily, good penetrations being 
obtained both in the penetrance and impregnation tests. Both the 
vessels containing tyloses and the wood prosenchyma were penetrated 
to some extent. Creosote was found distributed chiefly throughout 
the wood prosenchyma. Although this species has numerous tyloses, 
they are thin-walled. In all probability many of the vessels are not 
entirely closed by them, which allows the creosote to enter the pores 
and give fairly good penetrations. 
Aspen, target ooth {Populus grandidentata) — heartwood. — Large- 
tooth aspen is a close-grained, diffuse-porous wood with small pores. 
Both heartwood and sapwood contain scattered tyloses. Specimens 
treated in both the penetrance apparatus and in the cylinder showed 
quite variable penetrations. In all tests the penetrations were largely 
in streaks and in most cases entered the wood but a short distance. 
Some of the specimens were fairly well treated throughout their 
volume and others were only slightly penetrated. This variable 
penetration was very likely due to an unequal distribution of tyloses 
throughout the specimens, for the tyloses were found to be more 
numerous in the untreated portions. The preservative was found 
mainly in the vessels of the wood and to some extent in the 
prosenchyma. 
Bass-wood (Tilia americana) — heartwood. — Basswood contains no 
tyloses in either the heartwood or sapwood. The specimens were 
easily treated in the penetrance apparatus and in the cylinder. Both 
the vessels and wood prosenchyma were quite thoroughly penetrated. 
Good penetrations were secured in the cylinder treatments, even at 
low pressures. 
Beech, white-heart (Fagus atropunicea) . — Tyloses are rarely found 
in either the heartwood or sapwood of white-heart beech. Creosote 
1 In some cases general remarks on the characteristics of the species were supplemented 
from the descriptions given in Snow's " Principal Species of Woods." 
IS 
