46 BULLETIN 1106, II. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
Under section 2 of the act it is the duty of the Secretary of Agri- 
culture, if he believes that any association operating under it monopo- 
lizes or restrains trade in interstate or foreign commerce to such an 
extent that the price of any agricultural product is unduly enhanced 
by reason of such monopoly or restraint of trade, to serve upon such 
association a complaint with respect to such matters, requiring the 
association to show cause why an order should not be issued directing 
it to cease and desist from monopolization or restraint of trade. 
After a hearing, if the Secretary of Agriculture believes that such an 
association monopolizes or restrains trade in interstate or foreign 
commerce to such an extent that the price of any agricultural prod- 
uct is unduly enhanced thereby, the act provides that he shall issue 
an order reciting the facts found by him and directing such associa- 
tion to cease and desist from monopolization or restraint of trade. 
If such order is not complied with by the association within 30 days, 
the Secretary of Agriculture is then required to file a certified copy 
of the order issued by him, together with certified copies of all records 
in the matter, in the District Court of the United States in the judi- 
cial district in which such association has its principal place of 
business. The Department of Justice has charge under the act of the 
enforcement of such order. The District Court of the United States 
is given jurisdiction to affirm, modify, or set aside the order or to 
enter such other decree as it may deem equitable. 
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. 
UNFAIR COMPETITION. 
The act 40 of September 26, 1914, created the Federal Trade Com- 
mission. The act states that unfair methods of competition in com- 
merce are unlawful and provides that " the commission is empowered 
and directed to prevent persons, partnerships, or corporations, ex- 
cept banks and common carriers subject to the acts to regulate com- 
merce, from using unfair methods of competition in commerce.*' 
The term " commerce n as defined in the act means commerce, in- 
terstate or foreign, or in any Territory of the United States or the 
District of Columbia. The term " unfair competition ■ - is not defined 
in the statute. At common law unfair competition consisted in the 
palming off by one vendor or manufacturer of his goods as those of 
another. 41 The term "unfair competition'- as used in the act un- 
doubtedly means all that it imports at common law and. in fact, it 
apparently has a broader significance and scope than it had at com- 
mon law. 
The act provides that the commission after a hearing may issue an 
order requiring the person, firm, or corporation involved to cease 
*°38 Stat. 717. 
^ Howe Scale Co. v, Wyckoff, 198 U. S. 118. 
