KATYDIDS INJURIOUS TO ORANGES IN CALIFORNIA. 
Fig. 4— The fork-tailed katy- 
did (Scuddtria fur cat a): 
First-instar nymph. About 
three times natural size. 
(Original.) 
The Young, 
general appearance. 
The young katydids of this species vary in length from one-sixth 
to three-fourths inch, depending on their age. Immediately after 
issuing from the egg they are of a pale flesh 
color, without visible vestige of wings. The 
head and mouth parts are large in proportion 
to the rest of the body; the antennae are long 
and slender and usually directed forward. The 
larger nymphs, with rudimentary wings or 
"wing-pads," are bright green, closely match- 
ing the color of the orange leaves on which they 
rest. They resemble somewhat the young of 
the short-horned grasshoppers (Acridiidse), ex- 
cept for the long, slender antennae. They usually remain motionless 
upon the leaves or move over to the side away from the observer when 
too closely approached. Ordinarily at the approach of danger they 
become perfectly motionless in every part and, simulating the leaf 
color closely, are readily overlooked. When sufficiently disturbed, 
however, they show ample power as leapers, and will jump 
a foot or more. 
DESCRIPTION OF INSTARS. 
The young katydid grows slowly for an average period 
of about 73 days, during which time it molts six times 
before final emergence as a mature insect. 
First instar (fig. 4). — Measurements: Greatest breadth 
of head, 1.10 mm. ; greatest breadth of abdomen, 0.75 mm. ; 
F J^t7]Mi length of body, 4.10 mm.; length of pronotum, 0.70 mm.; 
katydid: length of posterior femur^ 4.20 mm.; length of antenna, 10 
Basal sec- mm> j us t after issuance from the egg the nymph is of a 
merits of the && J . r 
antenna of pale flesh color. The Ibgs, head, and thorax are irregularly 
nrst-mstar mar k ec [ w ith small blotches of red, purple, and white; the 
nymph. . . . . 
Greatly en- abdomen, with about ten longitudinal rows of minute red 
rov^n and white spots, the most conspicuous of which are one 
row of dark spots on either side of the middorsal yellow 
line and two rows of white spots below these on either side of the abdo- 
men. The newly issued nymph is about one-sixth inch long. The 
fastigium, which is most prominent in this stage, is about one-half as 
long as the club-like basal segment of the antenna (fig. 5) . Antenna with 
five distinct, broad white rings at regular intervals from tip to base, and 
with two narrow, less distinct white rings near the base ; spaces between 
the rings dark purple. Head broad, thorax comparatively narrow, ab- 
domen considerably enlarged toward tip. The lateral edges of sclerites 
