74. BULLETIN 1295, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
and by the fourth year $400. Thus, these settlers were rapidly approaching a 
point where they need not depend on work outside the farm. 
XIV. The policy of the company of Project XIV was halfway between aid 
and no aid. It was willing to build houses and even clear land in advance. 
Of the 51 settlers covered in the survey, 19 had houses erected in advance, 
costing an average of $467 per farm, 5 had barns erected, and 6 had some 
land cleared. The average value of advances for the 51 settlers was $197. 
The average initial payment was $393. Thus the company took $196 more 
from these settlers than it gave back in initial advances. In a number of: 
cases the company gave credit later for building material. It will be re- 
membered that in Projects IX and X, the advances and initial payments 
were about equal. However, the beginning net worth of the settlers on Project 
XIV was $1,338, about $250 more than on the other two projects. so that 
the settlers still had $771 of cash on hand after settlement, as compared with 
$551 and $527 on the other projects. Sixty per cent of the settlers on 
Project XIV were foreign born, mostly Scandinavians, and a third of them 
had come directly from farms. 
In an average period of 1.97 years, these 51 settlers had cleared 3.4 acres 
per farm of high land and 1.6 acres of marshland and had brushed 6.1 acres. 
Their clearing record was therefore appreciably lower than the average, as 
well as lower than for Projects IX and XIII, although the clearing was per- 
haps heavier. They had increased the value of their buildings an average 
of $496, their livestock $246, and their equipment and supplies $134, making 
a total increase in inventory of $876, as compared with only about $400 on 
Projects IX and X. Thus, these settlers had spent more time on their build- 
ings and less on their land as compared with settlers on other projects. Dur- 
ing this same period they had actually decreased their debts $8, but had de- 
pleted their cash on hand $612. Their net gain was $1,070 for the period, or 
$548 per year. 
Receipts of these settlers from labor off the farm in 1919-20 averaged $450 
for those on their holdings over two years, and $354 for those who were in 
their second year. Thus outside labor was an important feature in develop- 
ment of this project. The settlers averaged only 2.5 milk cows per farm. | 
XV. The company of Project XV advanced nothing at settlement but ad- 
vanced an average of $900 in the form of credit subsequently. This was done 
against a purchase price of $977 per farm for the group of 53 settlers studied. 
These settlers had been on their holdings for 7.2 years; hence these figures 
represent price levels of 1910 to 1913 mostly. The settlers were all foreigners, 
nearly all with farm experience in Europe but only two with farm experi- 
ence in this country. The land is mostly heavy clay, hard to clear and slow 
to develop. The farms purchased by these 53 settlers averaged only 57 acres. 
Many of the settlers paid for their farms entirely before coming to the 
colony. The average net worth of the settlers at time of settlement was 
$1,034, of which $518 was cash on hand. 
During the period of 7.2 years, the 53 settlers cleared an average of 12.4 
acres, all high land, and brushed 5.1 acres. This is a low record compared 
with Projects II, IV, and VII, which were most nearly comparable competi- 
tors in time since setlement. However, the settlers on Project XV had in- 
creased their buildings, livestock, and equipment $2,036, although in so 
doing they had increased their debt $793 and decreased their stock of cash on 
hand by $474. Their net gain for the whole period was about $1,176, or $163 
per year, which is considerably below the average for all settlers surveyed of 
approximately the same time since settlement. 
Receipts from these 53 settlers averaged 53 per cent from livestock, 18 per 
cent from crops, and 29 per cent from outside labor. Thus the income for 
their 50-acre farms, only one-fourth cleared, was inadequate. However, the 
27 settlers on their places over 9 years had incomes averaging $675 in 1919-20, 
of which 80 per cent was from farming operations. These 27 farms averaged 
5 milk cows each. 
OTHER SIGNIFICANT TYPES OF LAND SETTLEMENT AGENCIES 
In addition to the large colonies that were surveyed, it is desirable 
to discuss a number of other land settlement enterprises selected 
from a much larger number that were studied, either because they 
