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SETTLEMENT AND COLONIZATION IN GREAT LAKES STATES 45 
TABLE 22.—Average receipts per settler for the last year (Wisconsin and 
Minnesota areas combined) 
Per cent 
of all 
seer ics 
. Number Live- Live- : Average fees 
Re arent Sos of Crops | stock | stock | Timber Ontside of total | opreined 
settlers sales | products receipts | som out- 
| side labor 
| and sale 
of timber 
Less than 1 year 1____| 123 | $5 $20 | $29 $10; $144 $208 74.0 
1 and under 2 years_-_ 125 | 33 29 56 54 | 384 556 78.8 
2 and under 3 years_-_ 61 | 62 49 102 92 351 656 67.5 
3 and under 4 years__ 33 | 146 68 112 85 | 376 787 58. 6 
4 and under 5 years_-_ 7A 4 106 50 129 30 250 665 49.6 
5 and under 6 years_ | 6} 260 119 491 0 435 | 1, 235 35.2 
6 and under 7 years_- 14 315 | 236 408 0 237 1, 196 19.8 
7 ae beige 5 years__| 11 94 | 105 | 316 5 102 622 ita 
8 and under 9 years_-_ via 91 66 | 306 0 29 492 5. 
fies 10 ed 22 | 154 64 | 437 | 2 102 759 ue 7 
10 and under 11 years_ 10 168 122 358 2 76 726 10.7 
11 and ae 2 years_ 10. 174 115 | 444 0 | 143 876 ise 
12 and under 13 years_ 2} 72 195 900 0. 35 1, 202 2 
13 and under 14 years_ 3 | 340 63 | 162 0 133 698 19.1 
14and under 15 years_ 1 1, 025 300 300 0) 1, 625 0 
TA VearS > ae S28 ig Se: | 1 | 0 | 0 | 418 oO. 110 528 20. 8 
All years______- | 454 | 72 | 51 | 128 38 260 549 54.3 
i I i 
1 These data for less than 1 year are significant only as indicating the sources of receipts. The data do 
not include 56 settlers who had been on their holdings so short a time that they had no receipts. 
Average receipts for the 42 settlers between 9 and 12 years was 
$779, an increase of less than $100, as compared with settlers who 
had been on their projects only from 2 to 4 years. However, less 
than 15 per cent of the receipts of the former group was from labor 
off the farm and from timber products. Thus, with the passage of 
time settlers appear to increase their income very little; the principal 
change is in reaching the point where they can get along withou 
working out very much. . 
Out of the total receipts, averaging for all the settlers $549, must 
have come that part of the family living not furnished in kind by 
the farm, whatever farm expenses and additional farm capital may 
be required, and such cash payments as the settler was able to make 
toward interest and principal of: indebtedness. Obviously, there 
could have been very little left for adding to the farm capital. 
Whatever additions to farm capital occurred must have come from 
other sources. Table 23 shows that the settlers borrowed money for 
part of it, for on all projects except three the indebtedness had in- 
creased since settlement. The average increase was $261, and the 
range, from a decrease of $120 to an increase of $1,300. It is im- 
portant to recognize that the increases were over and above the in- 
debtedness contracted in the initial purchase of the land, and repre- 
sented supplemental borrowing. Some of the projects with the 
longest development periods show the largest increases in indebted- 
ness. 
