22 BULLETIN 1295, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
workers born and reared on farms. Most of the contracts ran for five years 
with rather large initial payments. This company used strong selling meth- 
ods, but sold to prospects with much more than average means. Subsequently, 
this Company was instrumental in securing credit for the settlers and aid in 
land clearing. The land ranges from light sandy loam to heavy sandy loam. 
Some of it is too sandy for safe farming. 
VII. A company selling land at present under regular 9 to 10 year contracts, 
giving no credit aid to the settlers and making no advances. However, it has 
helped to establish markets, schools, churches, a bank, and a creamery. It has 
also maintained a sort of demonstration farm. The settlers were mostly for- 
eign-born, Bohemians being the most numerous and Scandinavians next. 
However, over a third of the settlers had had some experience in the United 
. States as owners, tenants, or laborers. The land is low and flat and subject 
to frosts, and on the whole the most difficult to colonize of any encountered. 
VIII. Another lumber company which was selling its land as fast as the 
timber was removed. It was attracting city people of the back-to-the-land type 
who worked in the sawmill and lumber camps and were clearing their land 
rather slowly. This company frequently gave credit at the company store for 
lumber, dynamite, seeds, ete., protecting itself as best it could out of the wages 
earned in its sawmills and camps. A small amount of supervision was fur- 
nished. The contracts were of the usual sort, generally running for only 
three to five years. The initial payments required were lower than usual and 
options were frequently employed. The land was of good quality. 
IX. A company which secured control of a large block of land for the sake 
of colonizing it. It advanced buildings and livestock and a little equipment, 
and supervised the settlers rather closely. The contracts usually exempted 
the settlers from payments for the first two or three years. The initial pay- 
ments were rather large, but not in proportion to the advances made. The 
development of the colony was planned in advance. The land is of good qual- 
ity, although stony in spots. The settlers surveyed were over half foreign 
born, Polish being the prevailing nationality. The settlers had less than av- 
erage means. 
xX. A company very similar to the foregoing as to most methods and policies. 
Only a third of the settlers were foreign born, of several nationalities. In 
addition to other advances this company supplied horse labor for land clearing 
and brushing. 
XI. A colonizing company selling a block of land for two lumber companies. 
The lumber companies were largely financing the operations. The advances to 
settlers were liberal, but in return the settlers were closely supervised and se- 
curely tied in the contracts. At the start this company advanced buildings 
and livestock, but it presently substituted building material for buildings. The 
land is of very mixed quality, some of it Sandy and some of it rough. How- 
ever, the company classified its land rather carefully. The usual contracts pro- 
vided five years’ exemption from payments on the principal. The initial pay- 
ment was small, considering the liberal advances that were made. 
XII. A company which acquired a block of land for the purpose of colonizing 
it after the manner of city development projects. Roads were laid out and 
constructed, hotels and stores were built, and farm buildings costing about 
$2,000 per farm were erected. The contracts were for short periods and 
provided for no exemptions. The settlers were mostly of the back-to-the-land 
type. The land is 20 miles from town and of only fair quality. 
XIII. The land department of a lumber company which was selling a large 
tract of land left after lumbering. The land averages only fair in quality, even 
after the sandiest and roughest portions of it have been excluded from settie- 
ment. The policies of this company were extremely liberal, including brushing 
small areas of land in advance, advancing of buildings, livestock, use of horses 
and equipment, feed, seed, and even living expenses. The settlers were of very 
small means, were nearly all native born, and nearly all had some farm es 
ence. The supervision was very close. 
XIV. The land department of a large lumber company which had under- 
taken colonizing on a large scale, acquiring additional land for this purpose. 
The land was sold under liberal 10-year contracts with 1-year exemption from 
payments on the principal, and advances of either building or building ma- 
terial and of livestock were made if the settlers desired. Also, land was 
cleared in advance for a few of the settlers. The settlers were 60 per cent 
foreign born, Scandinavians predominating. The land is mostly of good qual- 
ity, although stony in stretches. 
