farmers' INSTITUTE WORK IN 1914. 13 
The chairs of instruction are usually provided with professional agricultural 
teachers having charge of the itinerant instruction in the adjoining communes. 
About SO communes are assigned, on the average, to one itinerant teacher. 
The object of itinerant instruction is to disseminate agricultural knowledge 
through immediate contact with the rural population by holding lectures and 
conferences. 
The itinerant teachers are also bureaus of information on all agricultural 
questions. 
The number of itinerant chairs of instruction is 94, that of the sections 86. 
The total expenses for itinerant instruction in 1910 amounted to $50,000. 
Roumania. — In Roumania x the itinerant agricultural teacher is usually a 
national-school teacher with practical agricultural knowledge, besides a knowl- 
edge of gardening and orcharding. He is allowed a seven months' furlough 
yearly, during which time he is obliged to visit a certain number of rural 
national schools which have school gardens or experimental fields. During 
his stay at the school the teachers and the advanced pupils work one or two 
days under his superintendence and according to his direction. After the itin- 
erant teacher has visited all the schools in the district assigned to him, he goes 
back to the first one to assist in a new line of work. He controls the results 
obtained and records his observations in an inspection book; In this way a 
single itinerant teacher can give practical agricultural instruction to 10 or 12 
schools, from which not only the schools but the teachers derive advantage. 
Bavaria. — In Bavaria 2 itinerant instruction has been introduc :ed* and it is 
primarily the duty of the royal agricultural teachers appointed as' (Sectors and 
head teachers in the winter agricultural schools to supervise aim further it. 
By establishing winter schools and filling the position of directors with properly 
trained permanent teachers competent persons have been provided, who are 
better able to supervise itinerant instruction. There are now in Bavaria 40 
agricultural itinerant teachers, highly qualified in the subject of agriculture. 
With a small circuit it is possible for the itinerant teacher to get in close touch 
with the farmers of the district, and not simply to be present sporadically 
in this and that place for the purpose of delivering a one-hour lecture. Lec- 
turing is only a small part of the work of the itinerant teachers. Their principal 
duty is to travel regularly over their districts, remain in a community long 
enough to obtain definite information, enter into agreement with the authorities, 
suggest improvements, undertake experiments, and aid those interested by 
personal advice. 
The itinerant teachers keep in close touch with practical fertilizer and culti- 
vation experiments on the farmers' fields, in order to demonstrate the advantages 
of proper fertilization, the selection of good seed, the adaptability of certain 
kinds of plants to regions in question, and to encourage imitation ; in the same 
way new machines and tools are introduced. 
Courses of considerable duration — perhaps three to eight days — do more good 
than lectures, and great importance is attached to them. Such courses are given 
for every branch of farming, and have hitherto been principally organized and 
directed by associations. In order that the work of the societies may^be mad? as 
practical as possible in all regions, the district officers encourage the holding of 
housekeeping courses. 
Bosnia and Herzegovina.— In Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 itinerant teachers 
travel over the entire agricultural districts, chiefly for the purpose of giving 
iLand u. Forstw. Unterrichts-Ztg., 18 (1904), No. 3-4, pp. 212, 213. 
2 Land u. Forstw. Unterrichts-Ztg., 18 (1904), No. 3-4, pp. 204, 205. 
a Land u. Forstw. Unterrichts-Ztg., 25 (1911), No. 1, pp. 119-121. 
