24 BULLETIN 341, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
birth. Only a few such herds were encountered in this survey, and 
they produced very poor returns to their owners. They were mostly 
on farms where labor for the care of a dairy herd was wanting. 
On each of the 378 owner farms of this area herds of dairy cows 
numbering up to about 25 were found to be fairly common. One 
herd of 55 and another of 80 cows were found. There were a . 
good many very small herds, especially on the smaller farms. The 
young stock, which are incidental to the dairy herd, are not nearly 
so numerous as they should be in order to maintain the herds. 
The number of bulls is about the same on farms of all sizes, but a 
larger proportion of the larger farmers own their bulls. In a good 
many cases bulls are owned in partnership, or a farm may keep a 
bull only part of the year. This accounts for the number of cases 
of less than one bull per farm. Only four farms were found having 
more than one bull. 
Forty-two steers were found on one farm and 39 on another. 
Three other farms had from 20 to 24. On 19 farms 10 or fewer 
steers were present. Three other farms had fed a few steers during 
the year but had none on hand either at the beginning or the end 
of the year. Three of the five largest herds of steers were found on 
farms belonging to the largest size group. The other two were on 
farms which are somewhat too large for one-man exclusive dairy 
farms and too small for two-man farms of this type. 
One or more colts were found on 112 of the 378 farms, the largest 
number on any one farm being 4. Several farms had colts either 
at the beginning or at the end of the year, but not both, which ac- 
counts for the cases of less than one colt. About 3 farms in 10 raise 
colts in this area. 
Small flocks of breeding ewes were found on 14 farms. Only three 
of these kept sheep other than the breeding flock. 
Brood sows were found quite generally, but in no case did the num- 
ber exceed six. There was very little relation between the number of 
brood sows and the size of the farm. On the other hand, the larger 
farms fed more hogs than the small ones. 
Poultry were found on almost every farm, but the flocks seldom 
exceeded 100 hens. The largest flock consisted of 600. 
SOURCES OF INCOME AND PERCENTAGE OF RECEIPTS FROM EACH. 
Very few farms in the locality here under consideration can be 
classified as belonging to any single type other than dairying. Of 
the 378 farms operated by their owners, 157 obtain more than 40 per 
cent of their income from dairy products alone, to say nothing of the 
receipts from the sale of calves and discarded cows. The region is 
thus distinctly a dairy region, though we shall find a considerable 
degree of diversity in the local farming. 
