68 BULLETIN 341, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
seen to be very little variation on farms of different size except that 
on the larger farms there is a smaller proportion of the miscellaneous _ 
productive work. On the average about 41 per cent of the productive 
man labor is devoted to crops, 5/ per cent to live stock, and a little 
more than 2 per cent is miscellaneous work. 
TABLE XXXIII.— Relation of size of farm to distribution of productive work 
units, Chester County owners. 
Per cent of man work units | Per cent of horse work units 
on— on— 
Size of farm in acres. 
_ | Miscella- _ | Miscella- 
Crops. Stock. ee Crops. Stock. neous. 
AQIANG CSS tat ee ees ee aero ars eens eee 40.1 oo. 1 4.8 80.8 15.9 3.38 
AUsto GO Sack. esses 2 ohh ese Se ese si 40.5 30.3 4.2 79.6 17.0 3.44 
615t0/80 5. 25 cs see Bie Sale Ese ee 39.7 57.2 3.1 80.9 155.5 3.6 = 
SiO O02 abe ee ate foee asd Se 40.5 56.0 3.5 82.6 15.5 1.9 
HOTGO2120 soe Oa os Saas es Scie ae ee 39.5 59.6 -9 81.2 16.9 1.9 
OA TOMA CO Sesser ee eee Soe Sone Soe e ee 41.1 o7.8 it 82.5 15.4 2.18 
HG ARO OVEDSer ee eee = seen eee 44.6 54.6 -8 84.3 13.7 2.0 
PAVCTAUD en see See Meee San eee 40.8 56.9 2.3 81.9 15.7 2.4 
In the case of the productive horse labor, about 82 per cent is 
devoted to crops, about 16 per cent to live stock, while somewhat 
more than 2 per cent is miscellaneous in character. The proportion | 
of productiv e labor devoted to live stock is much larger in this region | 
than it is in many other sections of the country. 
TENANT FARMS. 
Twenty-four per cent of the farms analyzed in this survey were 
operated by tenants. This is a much smaller proportion than is— 
found generally in this country. This is accounted for mainly by — 
the relatively small size of the farms. When the owner of one of 
these small or middle-sized farms rents it out, moves to a near-by 
village, and undertakes to live on the income from his farm he finds 
this income insufficient to meet his wants. Hence, it is customary 
for the farm owner to operate his own farm until advancing age 
compels his retirement. He is then usually superseded by a member 
of his own family and retains his residence on the farm. 
RELATION OF TENURE TO SIZE OF FARM. 
The tenant, even when he owns his own working capital, or half 
of the principal investment, which in this case is usually dairy cows, — 
has a comparatively small investment. His income is therefore lim- — 
ited to what the farm furnishes toward the family living, what he- 
gets for his labor, and the relatively small income for his invested 
capital. In order to provide a satistactory income he must conduct 
a business of considerable magnitude. Tenants of the better class, 
therefore, tend to avoid small farms, because of the difficulty of 
