FARM MANAGEMENT PRACTICE OF CHESTER COUNTY, PA. 19 
47 per cent of the general average. Forty-six farms have cows that 
_ produce over $90 worth of products per year and crop yields more 
than 10 per cent above the average. Their labor incomes average 
85 per cent above the general average. Large income per cow is 
slightly more important in securing a profit than is large yield per 
acre, but both are important. 
TABLE XLV.—felations of receipts per cow and crop index to adjusted labor 
income on 378 owner farms, Chester County. 
Receipts per cow. 
Crop index. 60 and less. 61 to 90. 91 and more. 
Number | Adjusted | Number |Adjusted | Number | Adjusted 
of farms. | income. | of farms. | income. | of farms. |} income, 
Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. 
O ging IGS ese eseaeose an bee ae See eee 47 32 70 18 89 
SIMCORIMO Metre ecto esate c Wiaecee sea ces sees 28 56 57 103 37 148 
HOI PATI GSTINOLO sein) cscs cle Siew ohne ois tino ecto e esis DD, 108 36 136 46 185 
Farms having cows that produce less than the average should pay 
special attention to the improvement of their herds, and those which 
have less than the average yields per acre should give special atten- 
tion to this point. It is easier to improve poor cows than it is good 
ones, and it is easier to increase low yields than it is high ones. It 
is also more profitable. 
It is very rare indeed to find a farm excelling in all the factors 
of efficiency here mentioned that does not make a good profit. Thus, 
if a farm is devoted to a type of farming adapted to its conditions, 
is large enough to give full employment at all seasons of the year to 
the farmer and the iabor available to him, has good yields, large 
income per animal unit, and is adequately and economically equipped, 
it is almost certain to be profitable. The fewer of these points in 
_ which a farm excels the more difficult it is to make it profitable. 
EFFICIENCY OF FARM LABOR. 
| A work unit is the average amount of work done in a day by the 
| average workman. Some men do much less and some do much more 
than this. Some men also have their work so organized that a 
given amount of effort accomplishes more work than the average. 
In Table XLVI the 378 owner farms are classed according to the 
amount of productive work accomplished per year on them by each 
individual employed. It is assumed that the farmer himself accom- 
plishes as much work in a year as the average of those employed on 
his farm. The table shows that there were 22 of these farms on 
which the average work done per individual employed is less than 
100 ordinary days of productive work. The average labor income 
of these farmers is $181, or $2.18 per unit of productive labor. It is 
