80 BULLETIN 341, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
probable that these men really worked at productive labor more 
than a hundred days during the year, and that many of them did | 
more work on some of their crops than was profitable, for their aver- 
age yields are above the average of the community. (See next to— ; 
last column of table.) They also probably spent too much of their 
time doing things that had no relation to the farm income. That 
these men were poor managers is shown by the fact that their cows 
brought them ony $27.60 per head for the year’s product. 
4 
TasrE XLVI.—The relation of productive work units per man to profits and 4 
other factors in farming on 378 owner farms, Chester County. =| 
=| 
| | 
Labor 
Produc- income of 
Productive work | 4 Vorage | Number | Average |tive work) Labor |Receipts| Crop oe ee ‘ 
units per man. per man farms. size. units per | income. | per cow. index. a * | 
t horse. eat 
ductive 
labor = | 
ee es ns eee ee ——— 
Acres ay 
Less and 100... 2.--.- 83 22 58 38.5 $181 | $27.60 103 $2.18 = 
iO0rtO HAG ees 126 62 72 45.2 366 46. 80 102 2.90 ae 
150 EON99 ee: 176 114 90 55.8 625 72.00 98 3.55 
PON TG249 et se i 222 102 96 59.1 959 78.00 105 4.32 
DVO | iter ee eee 272 49 108 62.7 1,147 78.50 100 4.29 
BOO tGs99 26 202 ooo 336 3 Ni 107 63.2 1,535 77.00 109 4.57 = 
400 and over......... 448 a6 101 66.7 1,833 83.00 107 4.09 
Average....... 201 | 378 | 90 78.3 | 789 | 68.20 | 100 3.98 
«One farmer out of the six met with serious loss for which he was not responsible, . 
thus causing a minus labor income of $49. The average labor income of the other five ~ 
was $2,209, “with an average wage of $4.93 per work unit. 
At the other extreme we have 23 farms on which there was an — 
average of 336 productive work units done per year by each person — 
employed. This does not necessarily mean that each person actually _ 
worked 336 days in the year at productive labor, but it does mean : 
that the work accomplished was equivalent to this many ordinary 
days’ work. The owners of these 23 farms made, on the average, — 
$4.57 wages for each productive work unit, as compared with the — 
$2.18 made by the first group. There were six farms (see next to 
last line of the table) on which the amount of productive labor 
accomplished averaged 448 ordinary days’ labor per year for each | 
man employed. These farms were unusually well managed, and little | 
time was wasted at unproductive work. The owner of one of the — 
six had the misfortune of having contagious abortion get into his — 
herd and had a minus labor income of $49 for the year, but the 
other five made an average labor income of $2,209, or $4. 93 per unit : 
of productive work done. : 
The income per cow is also much larger on these farms where “s 
workman accomplished a large amount. As would naturally be 
expected, the average productive work units per horse also increases 
with increase of work units per man (see fifth column of table). 
