NORTH AMERICAN GULLS AND THEIR ALLIES. 
57 
next year not a nest could be found at this lake, owing to a drought 
that had lowered the water level. 
Fall migration. — A very early migrant was taken at Valparaiso, 
Chile, in September, 1859 (Philippi), though usually the species does 
not reach southern Texas until the last of that month (Armstrong). 
The extreme northern part of the range is deserted, however, at an 
early date, since for 14 years the average date of the last one seen at 
Aweme, Manitoba, is August 10, latest August 21, 1905 (Criddle); 
Harrisburg, N. Dak., latest October 1, 1901 (Eastgate) ; southeastern 
South Dakota, average of the last seen October 13, latest November 
12, 1891; Badger, Nebr., November 12, 1899 (Colt); Lincoln, Nebr., 
November 17, 1900 (Wolcott); Lawrence, Kans., November 1, 1905 
(Wetmore) ; Madison, Minn., October 8, 1894 (Lano) ; West Depere, 
Fig. 27.— Franklin's gull {Larus franklini) , adult in summer plumage. 
Wis., October 22, 1884 (Willard); Lake Koshkonong, Wis., a few 
each year in September and October, latest October 29, 1871 (Kum- 
lien); and Corpus Christi, Tex., November 3-7, 1909 (Thayer). 
BONAPARTE'S GULL. Larus 'Philadelphia (Ord.) 
Range. — North America from Alaska and Mackenzie to Yucatan 
and Jalisco, Mexico. 
Breeding range.— A. distinction needs to be made in the case of 
Bonaparte's gull between its summer home and its nesting range, 
since many of this species remain through the summer as nonbreeders 
far south of the district in which they nest. Eggs or nests or un- 
fledged young have been found at only a few places. This gull 
breeds abundantly in northern Mackenzie in the region around Fort 
Anderson (MacFarlane), and thence west to Fort Yukon and the 
lower Yukon, at Nulato (Dall), the only places in Alaska whence the 
