46 BULLETIN 292, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
St. Lawrence, latitude 50°. In the same latitude at Crane Lake, 
Saskatchewan, young were already out of the shell, June 9, 1894 
(Spreadborough) . Young not yet able to fly were noted near Strater, 
Mont., July 18, 1910 (Anthony). 
Fall migration. — The first fall migrant of the species was noted at 
Woods Hole, Mass., September 17, 1891 (Edwards); Wildwood, N. J., 
September 7, 1895 (Stone); Pea Island, N. C, July 23 and August 
20, 1904 (Bishop); Charleston, S. C, September 26, 1909 (McDer- 
mid); Savannah, Ga., September 30, 1909, and common by October 
6 (Perry); and Fernandina, Fla., July 13, 1906, next seen August 3, 
and common September 16 (Worthington). It is evident that these 
July records refer either to nonbreeding birds that have spent the 
summer south of the regular summer home or to birds that having 
lost their eggs or young have started early on their southward journey. 
The first appeared at Delavan,Wis., August 18, 1892, and the next, 
September 1 (Hollister); Toronto, Ontario, August 20, 1890 (Fleming); 
Point Pelee, Ontario, August 24, 1907 (Taverner); Lake Forest, 111., 
August 8, 1906 (Ferry); Bay St. Louis, Miss., October 10, 1901, com- 
mon by October 14 (Allison); Lincoln, Nebr., August 14, 1900 (Wol- 
cott); Denver, Colo., August 21, 1910 (Williams); Okanogan Lake, 
British Columbia, July 28, 1907, and August 8, 1911 (Brooks); Chilli- 
wack, British Columbia, August 13, 1888, and August 15, 1889 
(Brooks); Alamitos Bay, Los Angeles County, Cal., September 17, 
1907 (Grinnell). 
The last one seen in 1901 on Anticosti Island was on September 18 
(Schmitt); Woods Hole, Mass., November 17, 1889 (Edwards); near 
Newport, R. I., December 1, 1900 (Mearns); Erie, Pa., October 17, 
1900 (Worthington); Harrisburg, N. Dak., October 17, 1901 (East- 
gate); Denver, Colo., November 12, 1908 (Rockwell); Provo, Utah, 
November 30, 1872 (Henshaw); and Valentine, Nebr., November 15, 
1894 (Bates). 
SHORT-BILLED GULL. Larus brachyrhynchus Richardson. 
Range. — Western North America from northwestern Mackenzie to 
southern California. 
Breeding range. — The short-billed gull was originally described from 
a specimen taken at Fort Franklin, Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie, May 
23, 1826 (Richardson), from nearly the northern limit of its range, 
the species breeding only a little farther north, to Fort Anderson 
(MacFarlane). Thence it ranges in the breeding season west to Fort 
Yukon (Dall) and the mouth of the Kowak River (Grinnell). The 
principal summer home of the species is in Alaska, where it breeds 
west to Cape Lisburne (eggs in U. S. National Museum) ; Nelson Island 
(Thayer) ; and Nushagak (eggs inU. S. National Museum) ; and south to 
Morshovoi Bay (Littlejohn) ; Kodiak Island (U. S. National Museum) ; 
