msamm 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
BULLETIN No. 292 
Contribution from the Bureau of Biological Survey 
HENRY W. HENSHAW, Chief 
Washington, D. C. 
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 
October 25, 1915 
DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION OF 
NORTH AMERICAN GULLS 
AND THEIR ALLIES 
By 
WELLS W. COOKE, Assistant Biologist 
CONTENTS 
Page 
Introduction 1 
Economic Importance of Gulls .... 1 
Bird Refuges 2 
Protection by Private Associations . . 3 
Legal Protection 3 
Distribution 4 
Old World Forms Accidental in North 
America 4 
Forms Breeding in the Arctic not Win- 
tering in the United States ... 4 
Page 
Introduction — Continued 
Distribution — Continued 
Forms Breeding and Wintering in the 
United States 4 
Forms Breeding in the Arctic but Oc- 
curring in the United States in Winter 
or in Migration 5 
Migration 5 
Annotated List of Species 5 
Index 69 
WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1915 
