INSECT POWDEK. 
65 
phosphorus pentoxid of C. roseum correspond closely to those of the 
closed flowers of C. cinerarisefolium. The powder prepared from the 
flowers of C. roseum is much darker and has a different odor than the 
ordinary insect powder. The odor of an insect powder and a micro- 
scopical examination should serve as a means to determine whether 
or not the product has been prepared from C. roseum or 0. cine- 
rarisefolium . 
Table 43. — Analysis of insect flowers (Chrysanthemum roseum). 
Sample No. 
Nitrogen, 
N. 
P 2 5 . 
Ether 
extract. 
Pento- 
sans. 
Crude 
fiber. 
Ash. 
Ash 
insoluble 
in HC1. 
17879 
Per cent. 
2.08 
2.08 
2.26 
1.95 
2.04 
1.97 
2.08 
2.00 
Per cent. 
Per cent. 
Per cent. 
Per cent. 
Per cent. 
8.75 
8.45 
11.09 
10.89 
11.90 
12.62 
9.15 
9.88 
Per cent. 
0.60 
18011.. 
.35 
20487 
0.714 
.691 
.738 
2.83 
2.74 
2.73 
13.78 
13.21 
13.42 
20.44 
20.04 
19.31 
1.11 
21737 
1.45 
22076 
1.51 
22295 
3.42 
22575 
.640 
.581 
18.46 
17.80 
.45 
22693 . . 
1.26 
Minimum 
Maximum 
1.95 
2.26 
2.08 
.691 
.738 
.714 
2.73 
2.83 
2.77 
13.21 
13.78 
13.47 
19.31 
20.44 
19.93 
8.45 
12.62 
10.34 
.35 
3.42 
1.27 
Samples of Chrysanthemum, leucanthemum (generally called u field 
daisy" or "oxeye daisy" in this country), which have been largely 
used in the past, and to some extent at the present time, 1 as an 
adulterant of insect powder, have been analyzed in the Insecticide 
and Fungicide Laboratory (Table 44). 
Table 44. — Analysis of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
Sample 
No. 
Description. 
Nitrogen, 
N. 
Ash. 
Ash 
insoluble 
in HC1. 
P 2 5 . 
Ether 
extract. 
Pento- 
sans. 
Crude 
fiber. 
1 14933 
Per cent. 
1.82 
Per cent. 
10.02 
10.45 
10.38 
Per cent. 
0.92 
.15 
.15 
Per cent. 
0.684 
Per cent. 
3.18 
Per cent. 
14.34 
Per cent. 
20.14 
2 23020 
do 
2. 23 
23020 
1 Sent in as "false" insect flowers. 
2 Collected near Markham, Va. 
ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF INSECT POWDER. 
PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS. 
The earliest recorded investigation on the active insecticidal con- 
stituents of insect powder is that of Ragazzini cited by de Visiani 
(67) in 1854. The powder prepared from the Chrysanthemum cinera- 
risefolium was used by Ragazzini in his experiments. His conclusion 
was that the narcotic action of the powder was due not to any 
single substance but rather to a mixture of substances. 
139815—20- 
1 U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 795. 
-Bull. 824 5 
