FISH OIL AS ADHESIVE IN ABSENATE-OF-LEAD SPRAYS 21 
known as "crude fish oil" can be obtained, but as this contains 
stearin it is likely to clot, and it would not be economy to use it. 
Fish oil can usually be obtained in all the larger cities, and linseed 
oil can be obtained in all cities or in towns of any size. In spraying 
operations where a 50-gallon barrel pump is to be used, and only a few 
barrels of the spray are to be applied, linseed oil could be resorted to, 
as only 1 pint of the oil is required to 50 gallons of the spray material. 
If a considerable amount of spraying is to be done, the use of fish oil 
greatly decreases the expense. 
Large quantities of fish oil are used in gipsy-moth spraying opera- 
tions. In purchasing it for this purpose the oil should be light pressed 
and unadulterated, and have the following specifications : 
Saponification value 190 to 193 
Iodine value 139 to 193 
Specific gravity at 15° C 0. 927 to 0. 933 
Free fatty acid Less than 5 per 
cent. 
The chief adulterant is mineral oil, the presence of which would be 
shown by a lowering of all of these characteristics. 
Warning: Mixtures containing fish oil not only adhere strongly 
to* the foliage on the trees but also to the undergrowth and vegetation 
beneath. Under no circumstances should livestock be allowed to 
graze during the season beneath trees that have been sprayed with 
such mixtures, as poisoning may result. Even in the late fall the 
spray appears so conspicuously on the vegetation beneath the trees 
that livestock may be poisoned by feeding upon it. Figure 16 shows 
a bit of undergrowth at Saugus, Mass., as it appeared on November 3, 
1924, 144 days after being sprayed (June 12) with arsenate-of-lead 
mixture to which corn oil had been added as adhesive. 
LITERATURE CITED 
(1) Berger, E. W. 
1917. linseed oil bordeaux. Fla. State Hort. Soc. Proc. 30: 44-47. 
(2) Fernald, C. H. 
1894> A NEW INSECTICIDE ARSENATE OF LEAD. MaSS. (Hatch) Agr. 
Exp. Sta. Bui. 24: 3-7. 
(3) Headlee, T. J. 
1924. STICKER FOR LEAD HYDROGEN ARSENATE. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta. 
Ann. Rpt. 1923: 293-297. 
(4) Lees, A. H. 
1915. winter cover washes. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1: 351-364. 
(5) Lowe, V. H. 
1896. combating the cotton-wood leaf beetle. N. Y. Geneva Agr. 
Exp. Sta. Ann. Rpt. 1896: 543-544. 
(6) Parker, W. B. 
1913. FLOUR PASTE AS A CONTROL FOR RED SPIDERS AND AS A SPREADER 
for contact insecticides. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Circ. 
166, 5 p., illus. 
(7) SlRRINE, F. A. 
1898. A SPRAYING MIXTURE FOR CAULIFLOWER AND CABBAGE WORMS. 
N. Y. Geneva Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 144: 23-46, illus. 
(8) Smith, R. H. 
1922. THE IMPORTANT ORCHARD INSECTS OF IDAHO AND THEIR CONTROL. 
Idaho Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. 23, 8 p. 
(9) Stearns, L. A. 
1920. EXPERIMENTS ON THE CONTROL OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH. 
Va. State Crop-Pest. Comn. Quart. Bui. 2: 1-16, illus. 
(10) Washburn, F. L. 
1891. PRACTICAL WORK WITH THE CODLING MOTH AND WITH A COMBINED 
insecticide and fungicide. Oreg. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 10: 3- 
22, illus. 
