fc-s 
DATE CULTURE IN EGYPT AND THE SUDAN 19 
be mistaken for a varietal name is easily understood. Delchevalerie's de- 
scription of " Birket el Haggi" is meager in details, but corresponds well with 
Hayany, though his account of Hayany in the same publication is wholly in 
error. How he should have overlooked the real Hayany, the most numerous 
and popular date in the Egyptian Delta, is difficult to understand. 
The essential points are that there is no such date variety as " Birket el 
Haggi," and that the trees received from Mr. Zervudachi under that name 
and planted in the Tempe Garden under S. P. I. No. 7635 are Hayany, 
identical with those of the earlier importation by Mr. Fairchild under S. P. I. 
No. 6438. 
SATELLITE TYPES OF HAYANY DATE PALMS 
Delchevalerie was doubtless describing one of the many " satellite 
seedlings" of the Hayany referred to later in this bulletin, which it 
;s impossible to identify at the present time. 
Popenoe (16, p. 223) gives an excellent account of this dale as 
rown at the Cooperative Date Gardens at Tempe, Ariz., under the 
name " Birket el Hajji " (instead of "Haggi," the Egyptian render- 
ing), faithful to the idea that he must correct all local date names 
to conform to his ideas of the " classical form " of Arabic, but gives 
lv Hayani " as a synonym and evidently takes the most of his Egyp- 
tian information from Delchevalerie. 
In 1921 the writer saw 7 Hayany trees in the village of Kerdaseh, 
directly west of Cairo, that were said by the omda ol~ the village to 
be "more than 100 years old." 
Although the Hayany may be assumed to be one of the older varie- 
ties of the Delta region and exceeds all others combined in the num- 
ber of trees, a critical examination of the fruits shows variations 
beyond what could be due to soil conditions or culture. Fruits were 
noted by the writer varying from 1% to 2% inches long and with 
marked variations in the position of the germ pore, usually a good 
varietal character. In general characters of the trees, leaves, and 
color and texture of the fruit the Hayany characters were well re- 
tained. The conclusion can hardly be avoided that numerous Hay- 
any seedlings have appeared, near enough like the parent to be 
included with the variety commercially. The term " satellite seed- 
lings " may not be inappropriate for these. 
Descriptions of some of the most marked of these satellites follow 
that of what seems to be the normal type. 
LARGE-FRUITED OR NORMAL TYPE 
A bunch of dates weighing about 50 pounds was purchased Sep- 
tember 26, 1921, one-half mile north of El Marg Railway station. 
The descriptive notes were as follows: 
Fruiting stalk 36 inches long to first shamrokh, 2 inches hroad at base, 1% 
inches at first shamrokh ; fruiting head 17 inches long, carrying 79 strands, the 
longest 20 to 22 inches long; the proximal 8 to 12 inches, without fruit. From 
12 to 22 fruits were borne on a strand. The fruits were rather uniformly from 
2% to 2% inches long, or rarely 2% inches long, and 1 to iy s inches in 
diameter. 
The color is clear "carmine" (R. Ill), ripening to "dark livid brown'' (R. 
XXXIX), but quickly passing to "dull violet black" (R. XL1V). A thin 
violet bloom is characteristic. 
Figure 3, A, shows the more common size in outline ; Z?, the extreme 
size. 
