32 
BULLETIN 1446, U. S. DEPAKTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
tice. Ninety-four per cent of the total acreage was harvested in this 
manner, and 6 per cent was harvested with headers. Tractors were 
used on 35 per cent of the acreage that was cut with the combine. 
Twenty-seven per cent of the total production was marketed with 
motor trucks. 
Table 27. — Summary of labor practices in wheat production 
on 1J+5 
farms in 1920 
Times 
over 
Man labor and horse 
work 
Times 
over 
Man labor and tractor 
work 
Operation 
Per cent 
of total 
acreage 
covered 1 
Hours per acre 
Per cent 
of total 
Hours per acre 
Man 
Horse 
covered 1 
Man 
Tractor 
Number 
2 
7 
70 
47 
89 
3 
66 
42 
33 
99 
87 
22 
6 
20 
59 
6 
6 
37 
73 
Number 
0.2 
.1 
1.4 
.6 
A 
.5 
.4 
.1 
.1 
.5 
.3 
.5 
.1 
1.3 
2.4 
3.9 
.4 
Number 
0.1 
Number 
Number 
Number 
1.0 
1.0 
2.8 
1.8 
1.2 
12.5 
4.8 
4.4 
3.4 
3.1 
1.0 
1.0 
1.7 
1.5 
1.0 
30 
18 
11 
9 
6 
0.9 
.3 
.2 
.4 
.2 
0.7 
.2 
.2 
.2 
.2 
.2 
1.0 
1.1 
2.3 
1.8 
1.0 
13 
.3 
.2 
.2 
.2 
.3 
6.0 
6.9 
7 
35 
.1 
2.2 
.1 
.4 
1.0 
.8 3.6 
2 27 .8 
.6 
Marketing percentages are based on bushels. 
3 Hauled with motor truck. 
SUGGESTED PLANS FOR THE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT 
OF WHEAT FARMS IN SHERMAN COUNTY, OREG. 
In the dry-land area of eastern Oregon both natural and economic 
factors limit the agriculture to a much larger extent than in more 
humid regions where there are greater chances for diversification. 
Because of these natural and economic conditions, wheat growing 
is now and doubtless will continue to be the dominant factor in the 
agriculture of the area. A good grade of wheat is produced on these 
farms, and of all cash crops it appears to offer the best opportunities 
for success. 
For this area, then, it is not so much a matter of introducing new 
enterprises as a problem of improving the present farm organization. 
Perhaps the greatest improvements may be made in the reduction 
of production costs through a more efficient management of the 
labor program, the employment of the right size and proper type of 
machinery, and the proper choice of motive power. The problem 
also involves the production of the feed crops for the livestock and 
the production on the farm of a larger proportion of the family food 
supplies. 
Each farm presents its own problem, and each farmer must decide 
for himself what course he shall pursue in an effort to realize the 
greatest returns from his available resources. For this reason the 
details for the general plan of organization of these farms are not 
applicable to all farms in the region. It is believed, however, that 
a majority of the farmers in Sherman County will be able to use to 
good advantage the data presented and the method outlined in analyz- 
ing their farm-management problems. 
