COST OF PRODUCING WINTER WHEAT IN OREGON 33 
Basic data such as that presented in this and in Department 
Bulletin No. 1447, "Cost of Using Horses, Tractors, and Combines 
in Sherman County, Oreg." were used in planning the organization 
of these farms. Such data must of necessity be used in connection 
with normal yields and probable future prices. 
STANDARD ORGANIZATION FOR A 640-ACRE FARM 
The farm resources, such as work stock, equipment, and man labor, 
as indicated, are in such proportions as provide for their efficient 
utilization, and the organization calls for the minimum of hired labor 
and other cash expense. 
The proposed division of the farm area provides for a maximum 
acreage of the wheat crop after making provision for the farm produc- 
tion of most of the feeds for the livestock. Table 28 shows the division 
of the farm area, prospective yields, and proposed disposition of the 
crops grown. The livestock to be kept, together with the feed 
requirements, are shown in Table 29. Fourteen head of work stock 
are sufficient to perform the farm work. A majority of this work 
stock should be good mares, and they should be sold while they are 
still young enough to command a good price on the market. 
To carry out this plan 3 colts should be foaled each year, which, 
after taking into consideration deaths, injuries, and colts which are 
not good enough to keep, should result in a yearly average of about 
2 yearling colts, two 2-year-old colts, and allow for the sale of 2 work 
stock each year. At the age of 3 years the colts may be broken and 
allowed to do some light work that year. The following year they 
should be ready to take their regular places in the farm work with the 
older horses. All of the feed consumed by work stock should be 
produced on the farm and would consist, for a mature horse, of 3,000 
pounds of wheat hay, 4,200 pounds of wheat chaff, 600 pounds of 
barley, together with native and stubble pasture and a limited amount 
of wheat pasture. 
The ration for a 2-year-old colt would consist of about two-thirds of 
the wheat hay and chaff and for a yearling colt about one-half of the 
wheat hay and chaff that would be required for a mature work animal. 
The ration for the cows would consist of 2,000 pounds of wheat 
hay, 6,000 pounds of chaff, and 1,000 pounds of rolled wheat, and for 
young cattle about 500 pounds of wheat hay and 3,000 pounds of 
chaff. Both cows and young cattle would receive native pasture, 
stubble pasture, and wheat pasture. 
The hog ration would consist of about 1,000 pounds of rolled barley 
together with a small amount of grain pasture. This quantity of 
feed should be sufficient to produce a 250-pound hog, live weight. 
Seven thousand pounds of feed is sufficient for 100 head of mature 
laying hens and for the pullets and cockerels produced during the 
year. The poultry should be allowed to forage a considerable 
portion of this feed which, together with the wheat screenings, would 
amount to about 2,000 pounds. This feed, supplemented by the 
barley and wheat as shown in Table 29, would necessitate the pur- 
chase of only 1,280 pounds of chicken feed. 
STANDARD REQUIREMENTS FOR FIELD WORK 
The suggested plan calls for the preparation of 275 acres of sum- 
mer-fallow land, including plowing, harrowing three times, and 
