4 BULLETIN 567, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
streams made inaccessible by débris from freshets; trees blown down 
or struck by lightning; those where cups had been hung on the dead 
side of the tree; and faces that “dried out” soon after chipping. A 
count was made of such faces, including every one that had dried 
out to any extent and those on trees that had died from unknown 
causes. ‘The portions of the season lost by these faces are given in 
Table 1. The yields for the season have not been corrected for such 
losses, since these must be accepted in all operations. 
TABLE 1.—Faces lost on account of ‘‘dry peaks,’ “‘dry faces,’’ trees dying, faces not 
being chipped, and various causes not avoidable in turpentine operations. 
3 Portion of season lost by faces 
Actual Portion of season lost— on trees dying for reasons not 
Plot. faces a ae el 
worked.’ i 
| Oto#. | 4to4. | to 2. |Ptoall.| 0 tod. | 2 t04. | i to2. | toall. 
| | | 
| | | j | 
_ Standard chipping.......-... 6, 142 | 151 | 33 17 2 2 20 8 | 2 
Narrow chipping. ----.--_..- 6.881} 149 28 16 li 3 5 11 | 0 
Double chipping... .---.---.-| 3, 049 | 90 37 | 16 13 2 a 0 | 3 
YIELDS. 
The actual yields obtained are given in Table 2. In this table, as 
well as throughout the bulletin, the weight of the rosin includes the 
weight of the barrel. Usually in selling rosin no deduction is made 
from the gross weight. Since each of the three areas had a different 
number of faces, in Table 3, for purposes of comparison, the figures 
are reduced to a basis of 10,000 faces, or one crop, which usually is 
taken as the standard unit in the naval-stores industry. 
Little importance should be attached to the difference in the grades 
and in the amount of each grade of rosin produced by the different 
areas, since the grades were lowered by carrying over a few barrels of 
cum from one charge to the next, as explained. The deterioration on 
standing was shown by a simple experiment with gum from the 
standard area. | 
Sixteen barrels of this gum were held over for nearly a month 
during the middle of the season. At the time this gum was col- 
lected, that from the entire place produced rosin which graded about 
60 per cent WGandN. The treatment of this gum in the woods and 
at the still was similar to that given the 16 barrels held over, except 
for the time elapsing between collection and distillation. All the 
rosin from these 16 barrels graded M at least one grade lower than 
that from the fresh gum. The total effect of the stored gum on the 
grades of rosin could not be determined, so that in considering the 
economic side of the experiments a nominal uniform price per barrel 
will be selected. 
