FARM PRACTICE IN THE CULTIVATION OF COTTON. 29 
turning plow. Then this bed is harrowed with a spike-tooth harrow, 
which makes it almost level, and cotton is planted on the bed. 
The rows average 3^ feet apart, and 4 pecks of seed are planted 
per acre. After chopping, the stalks are left from 12 to 15 inches 
apart in the drill. 
The cultivating after planting is largely with 1-horse implements. 
Just after the cotton is up a spike-tooth harrow or weeder is used. 
The next cultivation is given with a 1-horse harrow-tooth cultivator 
known as a side harrow (fig. 16), and then the cotton is chopped to 
a stand. After this, the cultivating is done with a 1-horse sweep or 
with a 1-horse 6-shovel cultivator. 
In all, five or six cultivations are 
given. At the third or fourth cul- 
tivation the field is usually gone 
over again with a hoe, to chop out 
any weeds or extra cotton stalks. 
Crimson clover is often grown as 
a cover crop after corn and cotton. 
This clover is pastured during the 
i • i,i i j j Fig. 16.— A 1-horse side harrow or spike-tooth culti- 
early Sprmg and then plowed Under vator , animpleme nt extensively used for the tillage 
to Supply Organic matter tO the of cotton in Mecklenburg Co., N. C, and other 
soil. Many farmers use commer- parts 
cial fertilizer, and the average application for cotton is 330 pounds 
per acre. 
The principal varieties of cotton grown are Cook's Improved, 
Simpkins' Prolific, and King's Improved. 
The most troublesome and prevalent weeds in this county are crab- 
grass, wild onion, and Johnson grass. 
SURVEY IN BARNWELL COUNTY, S. C. 
Barnwell County is located in the southwestern part of South 
Carolina. The tillage records for this county (Table XV) were taken 
near Barnwell, the county seat. 
This is in the Coastal Plain area, and the predominating soil is a 
sandy loam with a clay subsoil. Some parts of the county are very 
sandy. The land is gently rolling, so that very little drainage is 
required. The bottom lands are drained by open ditches, which sur- 
round the fields. Some of the more rolling lands are drained by 
surface ditches and terraces. 
About 60 per cent of the land has been cleared, and many of the 
stumps have not been removed. Many of the roads have been 
improved with sand and clay and are in good condition. Most of the 
land is owned by white men, but is largely worked by negro tenants. 
The average size of the farms visited is 193 acres, with 130 acres of 
improved land. The farm owners have good houses and appear 
prosperous. 
