40 BULLETIN 511, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The cultivating after planting is all done with 1 -horse implements. 
The first cultivation is given with a 1 -horse harrow-tooth cultivator or 
a 1-horse 3-shovel cultivator. The cotton is then chopped to a stand. 
After chopping a 1-horse sweep or scrape is employed. Some farmers 
use a 1-horse 3-shovel cultivator equipped with small sweeps instead 
of shovels. Where the 1-horse sweep or scrape is employed, 14-inch 
or 16-inch lengths are used at first and a size larger for each succeeding 
cultivation. For the last cultivation a 22-inch or 24-inch sweep is 
used. Two furrows are given for each cultivation, and at every other 
cultivation an extra furrow is given so as to plow out the entire 
middle. The 1-horse turning plow, the 1-horse 1 -shovel plow, the 
1-horse harrow-tooth cultivator, and the 1-horse 5-shovel cultivator 
are used less extensively. During the season five or six cultivations 
are given. 
At the third or fourth cultivation the cotton is again gone over 
with a hoe, to take out any extra stalks or weeds. Very little stable 
manure is produced, but commercial fertilizer is used extensively. 
The average quantity applied per acre for cotton is 506 pounds. 
No cover crops are grown, and organic matter is supplied only by 
crop residues and by weeds and grass which are plowed under. 
The principal varieties of cotton grown are Toole, Sea Island, and 
Mortgage Lifter. 
The most prevalent and troublesome weeds are crab-grass, wild 
coffee, cocklebur, Bermuda grass, and pigweed. 
SURVEY IN ST. FRANCIS COUNTY, ARK. 
St. Francis County is located in the east-central part of Arkansas. 
The tillage records for this county (Table XX) were taken near 
Forrest City. 
The topography and soils are very irregular. In parts of the county 
extensive bottom lands are found, which are level and very fertile. 
Other parts of the county are extremely hilly and rolling and not so 
productive. The predominating soil type is a silt loam grading into 
a heavier subsoil. 
The bottom lands are drained by means of deep open ditches 
which surround the fields. The hill farms are drained by numerous 
terraces and surface ditches, which are necessary to control the 
surf ace water and prevent erosion. 
The hill farms are of medium size and are worked by the owners 
or by tenants who supervise their own work. The bottom-land 
farms, however, are larger and are adjusted mostly on a commercial 
basis. The work is all done by negro tenants, but supervised by the 
owner or a hired manager. 
The principal crops grown are cotton, corn, oats, and cowpeas. 
No definite rotations are practiced. Cotton is the principal crop 
