GROWING SUGAR BEETS IN MICHIGAN AND OHIO. jul 
individual farms showed considerable variation (Table IV). The 
latter ranged from 4 tons to 30 tons per acre. 
The average labor requirements and cost per acre of hauling were 
also quite uniform. However, the amount of labor and the cost per 
acre on individual farms showed considerable variation. This varia- 
tion may be explained largely by the amount of manure applied per 
acre and the kind of implement used in hauling. The lowest labor 
cost per acre was found in the Caro district, where a charge of 90 
cents was made for a 4-ton application. The highest labor cost, 
$9.50 for a 30-ton application, was reported in northwestern Ohio. 
TABLE IV.—Use of manure, average by districts. 
Per Acres in beets. Bloch oe per Tabon 
+ ; 4 
District. oe Rees ee iy aed Mees Tons per cost per 
of all acre. Ao 
records Total. |Manured. Man. Horse. 
(ORO) 5 hs Ak ena ee Um Camere rai aes ar 75 15.46 8.00 12. 87 9.03 16.58 $3.33 
BAU TATA N reece neem tr ate UN Re al a Ck ee 75 9.74 6. 23 14.30 11.19 19.91 4.23 
Grandpa pldste- ee seer crea eee 72 6. 27 4.4] 1a, Jt} 7.94 18. 30 3.42 
Northwestern Ohio.........-.-..-- 32 15. 24 | 6.55 13. 94 10. 20 20.69 4.11 
The manure spreader was used on 135 farms and the wagon on 56 
farms. On 10 farms the implement used was not indicated. The 
capacity of the manure spreader ranged from 50 to 100 bushels, with 
an average of about 75 bushels. 
-An examination of the estimates reveals the fact that the farms 
using wagons to haul manure average 20 per cent smaller than 
those using spreaders. In many instances farms using wagons ex- 
clusively are too small and the amount of manure to be hauled too 
limited to warrant the purchase of a manure spreader. It,has been 
demonstrated that the apphecation of manure by means of a manure 
spreader is the best method, not only in time required to do the work, 
but also in respect to the quality of the work done. It would seem 
that two or more farmers on adjacent small farms might purchase a 
manure spreader to be used jointly to the advantage of each. 
Undoubtedly stable manure is the best fertilizer for general use 
with sugar beets, but on most farms the supply is limited, making it 
advisable to supplement the barn-yard manure with an application 
of commercial fertilizer to the beet land. Sixty-eight per cent of the 
farmers in the Caro, 47 per cent in the Alma, 78 per cent in the Grand 
Rapids district, and 39 per cent in northwestern Ohio applied com- 
mercial fertilizer. It will be noted that the use of fertilizer and 
stable manure in northwestern Ohio was not so extensive as in the 
other districts visited. The general practice in northwestern Ohio is 
to depend to a greater extent for the maintenance of soil fertility on 
sugar-beet land on the practice of systematically plowing under a 
