50 BULLETIN 1485, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
By Mechanical Process 
Behavior probably similar to that of aspen, but slightly less power required 
for pulp of standard strength. 
Bass wood (Tilia glabra, formerly Tilia Americana) 
Other names in use. — American linden, linn, lime tree, and whitewood. 
Range. — New Brunswick to Lake Superior (eastern shores) and to Lake 
Winnipeg (southern shores) and the Assiniboine River; south to Pennsylvania, 
Ohio, through Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois and eastern Nebraska to Missouri. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 21 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 1.1 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Unbleached pulp: Very shivy, incapable of satisfactory bleaching. 
By Soda Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Fairly easy to bleach. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 20 to 25 per cent. 10 
By Mechanical Process 
Behavior probably similar to that of aspen. 
Black Willow (Salix nigra) 
Other names in use. — Swamp willow and willow. The lumber is usually called 
willow. 
Range. — Southern New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario to Georgia and cen- 
tral Alabama; west to southeastern North Dakota, eastern South Dakota, 
Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, southwestern Arkansas, western Texas. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 21 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 0.8 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Of excellent color, somewhat contaminated with black 
specks; fairly easily bleached. 
Yields: 50 to 55 per cent. 
Bleach required: 15 to 20 per cent. 
By Soda Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Fairly easy to bleach. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 15 to 20 per cent. 
By Mechanical Process 
Behavior probably similar to that of aspen. 
Sandbar Willow (Salix longifolia, formerly, in part, S. fiuviatilis) 
Other names in use. — Long-leafed willow, narrow-leafed willow, and river- 
bank willow. 
Range. — Quebec to Athabasca and southward through western New England 
to Virginia; westward to Colorado and southern Texas. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 23 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 0.7 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces easily. 
Unbleached pulp: Of poor color; bleaches easily. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 5 to 10 per cent. 
About 10 to 13 per cent when cooked by sulphate process to yields indicated. 
