54 BULLETIN 1485, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
By Soda Process 
Reduces with slightly more difficulty than aspen. 
Unbleached pulp: Easy to bleach. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleached required: 10 to 15 per cent. 
By Mechanical Process 
Not determined. 
Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica) 
Other names in use. — Tupelo and pepperidge. 
Range. — From Maine (Kennebec River) to northern Florida; west to southern 
Ontario, southern Michigan, southeastern Missouri, Oklahoma, southwestern 
Arkansas, and eastern Texas. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic Joot, green volume. — 30 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 1.7 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Fairly easy to bleach. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 15 to 20 per cent. 
By Soda Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Slightly stronger than aspen pulp; rather difficult to bleach. 
Yields: 35 to 40 per cent. 
Bteach required: 20 to 30 per cent. 14 
By Mechanical Process 
A pulp of standard strength, very light colored and fine fibered, is produced 
with a consumption of approximately three times as much power as is required 
for spruce. 
Tupelo Gum (Nyssa aquatica) 
Other names in use. — Sour gum, bay poplar, cotton gum, large tupelo, swamp 
poplar, and hickory poplar. The lumber usually goes under the names tupelo and 
sap gum in the market. 
Range. — Atlantic coast region from southern Virginia to northern Florida, and 
through the Gulf States to central Texas; northward through Arkansas, west 
Tennessee, and Kentucky, southern and southeastern Missouri to southern 
Illinois. 
Oven-dry weight per cubic foot, green volume. — 29 pounds. 
Fiber length. — 1.6 mm. 
By Sulphite Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Of fair color; fairly easily bleached. 
Yields: 45 to 50 per cent. 
Bleach required: 15 to 25 per cent. 
By Soda Process 
Reduces readily. 
Unbleached pulp: Slightly stronger than aspen pulp; rather difficult to bleach. 
Yields: 35 to 40 per cent. 
Bleach required: 25 to 30 per cent. 15 
By Mechanical Process 
Behavior probably similar to that of black gum. 
14 About 15 to 25 per cent when cooked by sulphate process to yields stated. 
"About 20 to 27 per cent wnen cooked by sulphate process to yields stated. 
